*4.2. Settlement and Consolidation Analysis*

By making *b* equal to 100 and *c* tend to 0, it is better to simulate the consolidation settlement of the monitored section. The proposed method simplifies the actual load of multi-stage loading mode to the secondary load. The calculated settlement and measured settlement are plotted in Figure 9. The calculated settlement curve obtained by using the replacing soil is basically consistent with the development trend of the measured settlement, which indicates that the proposed method is suitable for analyzing soft soil foundations with a crust layer.

In the process of highway construction, an engineer is typically more concerned with the change in consolidation degree than the settlement of the foundation. The comparison between the calculated and the measured values of consolidation degree is shown in Figure 10. The calculated consolidation degree is found to be basically consistent with the measured consolidation degree. At 205 days, the calculated consolidation degree and the measured consolidation degree are approximately 55%.

The comparison of the calculated and measured results shows that the proposed method is reliable, and the calculated results are basically consistent with the measured results. Therefore, this proposed method is further used to calculate the settlement and consolidation degree of foundation before the replacement, compared with the foundation after the replacement, and study the improvement of foundation performance before and after the replacement. Here, for the convenience of analysis, the conditions of the first layer of soil are different before and after the replacement, and the other conditions are the same. The proposed method is used to calculate the difference in consolidation settlement before and after the replacement (Figure 11). The settlement of the foundation after the

*4.2. Settlement and Consolidation Analysis* 

granite

granite

replacement is found to be greatly reduced, and the differential settlement is 21.5 mm after 205 days. Comparison of the change in consolidation degree of the foundation before and after the replacement (Figure 12) reveals that the consolidation degree of the foundation after the replacement is relatively high. As same as the settlement of the foundation, the difference in consolidation degree before and after the replacement becomes greater with increasing time. At 205 days, the consolidation degree differed by about 12%. As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the performance of the foundation is improved after the replacement. *4.2. Settlement and Consolidation Analysis*  By making *b* equal to 100 and *c* tend to 0, it is better to simulate the consolidation settlement of the monitored section. The proposed method simplifies the actual load of multi-stage loading mode to the secondary load. The calculated settlement and measured settlement are plotted in Figure 9. The calculated settlement curve obtained by using the replacing soil is basically consistent with the development trend of the measured settlement, which indicates that the proposed method is suitable for analyzing soft soil foundations with a crust layer. suitable for analyzing soft soil foundations with a crust layer. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Depth of fill (dm) Actual Simplified

*J. Mar. Sci. Eng.* **2019**, *7*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 12 of 18

development trend of the measured settlement, which indicates that the proposed method is

By making *b* equal to 100 and *c* tend to 0, it is better to simulate the consolidation settlement of the monitored section. The proposed method simplifies the actual load of multi-stage loading mode to the secondary load. The calculated settlement and measured settlement are plotted in Figure 9.

*J. Mar. Sci. Eng.* **2019**, *7*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 12 of 18

**Figure 9.** Comparison of measured and calculated values of settlement. **Figure 9.** Comparison of measured and calculated values of settlement. approximately 55%.

40 **Figure 10.** Comparison of the calculated and measured consolidation degrees. **Figure 10.** Comparison of the calculated and measured consolidation degrees.

30

**Figure 10.** Comparison of the calculated and measured consolidation degrees. The comparison of the calculated and measured results shows that the proposed method is reliable, and the calculated results are basically consistent with the measured results. Therefore, this 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 10 20 *b*=100 (Top surface is semi-permeable) *c*→0 (Lower surface is impermeable) Time (day) The comparison of the calculated and measured results shows that the proposed method is reliable, and the calculated results are basically consistent with the measured results. Therefore, this proposed method is further used to calculate the settlement and consolidation degree of foundation before the replacement, compared with the foundation after the replacement, and study the improvement of foundation performance before and after the replacement. Here, for the As shown in Table 5, the measured final settlement after the replacement is 80 mm. The calculated settlement after the replacement is 78.7 mm, the error is about 1.6%. The settlement and consolidation degree are calculated for 205 days, the errors are about 0.7% and 2.3%, respectively. Comparison of the consolidation settlement before and after the replacement by calculated revealed that the final settlement after the replacement reduced by 68.9 mm, and the reduction rate is 87.5%. The consolidation settlement after the replacement of 205 days is reduced by 21.5 mm, and the reduction rate over 205 days is 47.3%. After the replacement, the consolidation degree increased by 12.4%, and the improvement rate increased by 21.5%, which further showed that the performance of the foundation after the replacement is greatly improved.

proposed method is further used to calculate the settlement and consolidation degree of foundation before the replacement, compared with the foundation after the replacement, and study the improvement of foundation performance before and after the replacement. Here, for the

the performance of the foundation is improved after the replacement.

the performance of the foundation is improved after the replacement.

convenience of analysis, the conditions of the first layer of soil are different before and after the replacement, and the other conditions are the same. The proposed method is used to calculate the difference in consolidation settlement before and after the replacement (Figure 11). The settlement of the foundation after the replacement is found to be greatly reduced, and the differential settlement is 21.5 mm after 205 days. Comparison of the change in consolidation degree of the foundation before and after the replacement (Figure 12) reveals that the consolidation degree of the foundation after the replacement is relatively high. As same as the settlement of the foundation, the difference in consolidation degree before and after the replacement becomes greater with increasing

convenience of analysis, the conditions of the first layer of soil are different before and after the replacement, and the other conditions are the same. The proposed method is used to calculate the difference in consolidation settlement before and after the replacement (Figure 11). The settlement of the foundation after the replacement is found to be greatly reduced, and the differential settlement is 21.5 mm after 205 days. Comparison of the change in consolidation degree of the foundation before and after the replacement (Figure 12) reveals that the consolidation degree of the foundation after the replacement is relatively high. As same as the settlement of the foundation, the difference in consolidation degree before and after the replacement becomes greater with increasing

*J. Mar. Sci. Eng.* **2019**, *7*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 18

**Figure 11.** Comparison of the calculated settlement curve before and after the replacement. **Figure 11.** Comparison of the calculated settlement curve before and after the replacement. **Figure 11.** Comparison of the calculated settlement curve before and after the replacement.

**Figure 12.** Comparison of the calculated consolidation curve before and after the replacement. **Figure 12.** Comparison of the calculated consolidation curve before and after the replacement. **Figure 12.** Comparison of the calculated consolidation curve before and after the replacement.


