*6.2. Effects of Soil Properties*

Besides the wave characteristics, the deposit conditions are found to be essential in a wave-seabed structure interactions. The effects of two parameters of soil properties are discussed individually, i.e., degree of saturation (*Sr*), and soil permeability (*Ks*). A series of topical values are selected in this section, which are from 1.0 <sup>×</sup> <sup>10</sup>−<sup>5</sup> to 1.0 <sup>×</sup> <sup>10</sup>−<sup>3</sup> for soil permeability, and 0.925–0.975 for degree of saturation, respectively. The wave condition and other parameters used in this section can be found in Table 3.


**Table 3.** Parameters used for in parametric study of soil properties.

To examine how the different soil parameters affect the seabed liquefaction around the immersed tunnel, Figures 15 and 16 are depicted to show the vertical distribution of the excess pore pressure (|*u<sup>e</sup>* |/*σ* 0 0 ) and the maximum liquefaction depth of the vertical section at *x* = 80 m in seabed with various soil properties. Figure 15b illustrates that the maximum liquefaction depth is larger in the seabed with relative low degree of saturation. While the same conclusion can be draw for the various of soil permeability in Figure 16b, i.e., the smaller the soil permeability adopted, the deeper the liquefaction occurs in the vicinity of the tunnel.

(**a**) distribution of the excess pore pressure (|*u<sup>e</sup>* |/*σ* 0 0 ) under wave trough **Figure 15.** *Cont.*

(**b**) maximum liquefaction depth of sandy seabed

**Figure 15.** (**a**) The vertical distribution of the excess pore pressure (|*ue*|/*σ* 0 0 ) under wave trough and (**b**) the maximum liquefaction depth of the sandy seabed surrounding the tunnel with various degree of saturation.

(**a**) distribution of the excess pore pressure (|*u<sup>e</sup>* |/*σ* 0 0 ) under wave trough **Figure 16.** *Cont.*
