6.2.3. Industrial Engineering

The operational indices optimization is crucial and difficult for the global optimization in beneficiation processes. Yang et al. [17] presented a multi-objective MFEA to solve this problem. Sampath et al. [177] also handled the optimal power flow problems with different load demands on power systems via MTEC framework. The process of continuous annealing production line is very complex in the iron and steel industry. Some environmental parameters and control variables have coupling relationships, which makes it difficult to achieve global optimization with traditional EAs. Wang and Wang [23] proposed an AdaMOMFDE algorithm based on the search mechanism of differential evolution. The optimal operation of integrated energy systems (IES) is of grea<sup>t</sup> significance to facilitate the penetration of distributed generators and then improve its overall efficiency. Wu et al. [121] developed a novel grid-connected IES framework by considering the biogas-solar-wind energy complementarities and solved it by MO-MFEA-II. In the Mazda multiple car design benchmark problem, three kinds of cars (SUV, CDW, and C5H) with different sizes and body shapes need to be optimized simultaneously [183]. This MTO problem was solved by two distinct MTEC algorithms [91,95].
