**4. Experimental Settings**

To verify the improved method by experiments, the original algorithm, the improved algorithm and the advanced DISH and the jDE100 algorithms were tested on the Single Objective Bound Constrained Numerical Optimization (CEC2020) benchmark sets in 5, 10, 15 and 20 dimensions. The termination criteria, i.e., the maximum number of the calculation of the fitness function (*MaxFES*) and the minimum error value (*Min error value*), were set as in Table 4. The search range is [*xmin*, *xmax*] = [−100, 100], and 30 independent repeated experiments were conducted. The parameter setting of most algorithm [19,21,24] is shown in Tables 5 and 6. In addition, the parameter setting of j2020 algorithm can be found in [29].


**Table4.**Terminationcriteria.


**Table 5.** Parameter setting of some algorithms.


**Table 6.** Parameter setting of jDE100.

The hypothesis that the turning-based mutation can maintain a longer exploration phase can be verified by analyzing the clustering and density of the population during the optimization process. These two analyses are described in more detail below.
