2.2.1. Global Precipitation Mission

During the execution of present study, the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), an algorithm that provides the multi-satellite precipitation for GPM users, is used to retrieve the required GPM data [33]. Specifically, the daily rainfall (mm day−1) estimate from the GPM Level 3 IMERG \*Final\* Daily 10 × 10 km Version 06 (GPM\_3IMERGDF\_V06) is used as primary data, moreover, which is derived from half-hourly GPM\_3IMERGHH available at https://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni/ #dataKeyword=IMERGDF (Accessed on 20 June 2020). Besides, the derived result represents the final estimate of the daily accumulated precipitation combined with microwave-infrared. The dataset is produced at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [53], Goddard Earth Sciences [10], Data and Information Services Center (DISC) by simply summing the valid precipitation retrievals for the day in GPM\_3IMERGHH and giving the result in (mm). The reason for selecting GPM \_IMERG is attributed to following reasons: (i) satellite rainfall estimates with finest gridded data @ 0.1◦ × 0.1◦ spatial resolution, high temporal data supply, ranging from half-hourly to daily and monthly, the GPM system provides almost near real-time data with spatial coverage (−180.0, −90.0, 180.0, 90.0) and temporal coverage (2000–06–01 to 2020–03–01). Further details about the GPM \_IMERGDF can be found at https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GPM\_3IMERGDF\_06/summary?keywords=GPM. (Accessed on 20 June 2020). The daily GPM\_3IMERGDF product from 2001 to 2015 is retrieved for the study area into following multitemporal aggregates:
