*2.1. Case Studies*

The annual distribution of precipitation over Greece is characterized by significant spatial and temporal variations. Following seasonal variability, a hydrological year in Greece can be divided into a dry (summer) and wet (autumn, winter and spring) period with much greater precipitation amounts and resulting impacts occurring during the latter [30,31]. Rainfall during the dry period of the year is primarily attributed to atmospheric instability, leading to convective storms [32,33]. Precipitation in autumn and winter is mainly related to intense cyclone activity [34,35], but also to less intense cyclones with relatively long lasting embedded meso-scale convective systems that interact with the complex topography [36]. Considering the spatiotemporal precipitation pattern described above, four dry and three wet period rainfall events observed in 2018 were selected for the purposes of the current study. The precipitation intensity was also taken into account by selecting high-impact episodes, as summarized in Table 1.


**Table 1.** Synopsis of the 2018 selected case studies and their associated driving meteorological mechanisms and impacts.
