**Saleh Aminyavari 1, Bahram Saghafian 2,\* and Ehsan Sharifi 3,4**


Received: 5 October 2019; Accepted: 20 November 2019; Published: 21 November 2019

**Abstract:** Precipitation monitoring and early warning systems are required to reduce negative flood impacts. In this study, the performance of ensemble precipitation forecasts of three numerical weather prediction (NWP) models within the THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble (TIGGE) as well as the integrated multi-satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement (GPM), namely IMERG, for precipitation estimates were evaluated in recent severe floods in Iran over the March–April 2019 period. The evaluations were conducted in three aspects: spatial distribution of precipitation, mean areal precipitation in three major basins hard hit by the floods, and the dichotomous evaluation in four precipitation thresholds (25, 50, 75, and 100 mm per day). The results showed that the United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO) model, in terms of spatial coverage and satellite estimates as well as the precipitation amount, were closer to the observations. Moreover, with regard to mean precipitation at the basin scale, UKMO and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) models in the Gorganrud Basin, ECMWF in the Karkheh Basin and UKMO in the Karun Basin performed better than others in flood forecasting. The National Centers for Environmental Forecast (NCEP) model performed well at low precipitation thresholds, while at high thresholds, its performance decreased significantly. On the contrary, the accuracy of IMERG improved when the precipitation threshold increased. The UKMO had better forecasts than the other models at the 100 mm/day precipitation threshold, whereas the ECMWF had acceptable forecasts in all thresholds and was able to forecast precipitation events with a lower false alarm ratio and better detection when compared to other models.

**Keywords:** TIGGE; precipitation; numerical weather prediction; satellite; IMERG; flood; spring 2019; Iran
