*Plywood*


The conclusions discussed above can be better illustrated in Table 17 below:


### **Table 17.** Conclusions and general evaluation.

Table 17 indicates that the addition of MFC 2% suspension in UF resin during particleboard production, at addition levels of 0.01–0.03% (dry MFC/liquid resin), following Approach 3, is the most promising path to follow.

Summarising, the use of MFC in adhesive systems for wood-based panels' production has shown positive results at laboratory scale. When introduced at low addition levels as an additive in the glue mixture of the resin, it improves board performance and allows the reduction in petrochemical substances, such as, for instance, the resin itself.

The findings of this research work pave the way for the development and adoption of adhesive formulations with lower CO<sup>2</sup> footprint, rendering a more environmentally friendly character to the final wood-based panel products.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization: E.K. and E.A.; methodology, validation: E.K. and C.M.; formal analysis, investigation, data curation: E.K.; writing—original draft preparation: E.K.; writing—review and editing: E.A.; supervision: C.M.; project administration, funding acquisition: E.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research work was partly funded by the Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 709746.

**Acknowledgments:** We would like to thank the team of Borregaard working in the EXILVA EU project, grant agreement No 709746, for their support in carrying out and completing the reported research work. We would also like to thank our colleague Sophia Tsiantzi for her help and support in reviewing and editing.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

#### **References**


**Sample Availability:** Samples of the MFC are available from Borregaard. Samples of resins are available from the authors.

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