*4.1. Summary of Findings*

In the current comprehensive network meta-analysis, compared to chemotherapy, most of the targeted drugs including afatinib, alectinib, cabozantinib, ceritinib, crizotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib showed a significantly higher efficacy in ORR and PFS. Among EGFR inhibitors, afatinib was found to improve both ORR and PFS, vs. cetuximab, erlotinib, or gefitinib treatment. Furthermore, alectinib and cabozantinib also showed the lower risk of disease progression, compared to other drugs in the ALK/ROS1/MET and RET pathways.

There was no inconsistency between direct and indirect comparisons in most treatments based on the Bayesian approach. The findings of the NMA based on both the frequentist and Bayesian approach were similar in pooled effect sizes as well as a significant direction. Also, Bayesian assumptions were ensured by convergence diagnostics.
