*2.1. Patients*

We enrolled 35 patients with NSCLC who were retreated with ICIs after their initial ICI treatments were discontinued due to disease progression. The patients were treated between April 2017 and November 2018 at one of six different institutions, which included University Hospital Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (Kyoto, Japan), Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital (Kyoto, Japan), Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital (Kyoto, Japan), Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center (Kyoto, Japan), Matsushita Memorial Hospital (Osaka, Japan), and Otsu City Hospital (Shiga, Japan). Patient clinical data were retrospectively obtained from their medical records, including age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) at the start of ICI rechallenge, histological subtype, PD-L1 expression level in tumors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status, disease staging, metastatic site, corticosteroid administration, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS), smoking status, laboratory findings at the time of ICI rechallenge, and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, and disease control rate for the patients receiving ICI treatment based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST; version 1.1). The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of each hospital. Tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage was classified using the TNM stage classification system, version 8. Six received 2.5 mg to 10 mg p.o. of corticosteroids administration due to improvement in the cachexia. We have added this information in the materials and methods section. This study is an exploratory trial.
