*3.1. Selection of Relevant Studies*

Figure S1 shows the flow diagram for selection of relevant studies. We identified 7279 articles from four different databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov) using the keywords and hand-search from relevant bibliographies. After excluding 845 duplicated records and 5815 irrelevant studies, the full text of the remaining 619 articles were reviewed. Overall, a total of 128 parallel clinical trials were included in the current network meta-analysis.
