*2.3. Wind and PV Development*

Renewable energy sources shall substantially contribute towards the achievement of decarbonization targets set for the energy sector. One of the main objectives of energy planning is the increase of renewable energy sources' share in the energy mix, in order to substitute part of the conventional units' production. In the renewable sources capacity development scenarios, reference is mainly made to large penetration of wind and photovoltaic systems. In the corresponding studies, wind installations' capacity is projected to reach, according to Ministry of Environment and Energy in 2030, approximately 7 GW, while by 2050 11–18 GW (off-shore wind installation included) [27]. According to a study conducted by European Commission, by 2030, wind installations' capacity may reach 6 GW and by 2050 7.8 GW [28]. In addition, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) estimates that the wind installations will account for 5 GW, in 2030, and 6.7 GW, in 2050 [29]. Moreover, the increase of PV capacity is projected, according to the Energy Roadmap by the Ministry of Energy (the National Energy and Climate Plan and the Long-term strategy towards 2050), for 2030 at 7.7 GW, while for 2050 it is estimated at 8–12 GW, depending on the scenario considered [26,27]. According to a study conducted by the European Commission for Greece, in 2030, it is estimated that 5.6 GW of PV will have been constructed, while by 2050 9 GW [28]. Furthermore, according to WWF's projections, PV capacity will reach 4.8 GW by 2030 and 7.1 GW by 2050 [29]. Table 1 presents forecasts on the cumulative capacity of PV and Wind in Greece by 2030 and 2050 [26–29].


**Table 1.** Forecasts for the cumulative capacity of PV and Wind capacity in Greece by 2030 and 2050 [26–29].

There are significant differences between the figures predicted for wind and PV capacity by the competent bodies. In order to achieve a comparative assessment of the various development scenarios, the ratio of the forecasted wind and photovoltaic capacity by the annual mean load of the country is presented in Figure 1. In 2030 the wind and PV capacity lies between 150–205% of the annual mean load demand, while in 2050 between 200–255%. The ratio between Wind and PV in terms of installed capacity is almost 1 by 1 in most of the forecasts. More PV than Wind capacity is expected by 2050 according to the Energy Roadmap of the Ministry of Energy.

Energy Roadmap of the Ministry of Energy.

**Figure 1.** Normalized PV and Wind capacity (by the annual mean load) [26–29]. **Figure 1.** Normalized PV and Wind capacity (by the annual mean load) [26–29].
