3.1.1. Tyre Pyrolysis Reactors

The reactor is the main component of the pyrolysis process, in which tyre waste decomposes in the absence of oxygen. A substantial amount of research on the pyrolysis reactor has been conducted in order to improve the essential characteristics of heating methods and rate, waste tyre feeding, pyrolysis residence time, vapour condensation, and product collection. Fixed-bed, vacuum, fluidised bed, moving screw bed, rotary kiln, and other reactor types are investigated for waste tyre pyrolysis. Table 1 summarises the product yields of various pyrolysis reactors and their waste tyre product yields. The fixed bed reactor is the most commonly used reactor type for tyre pyrolysis, in which the processed waste tyres are heated externally using an electric furnace and an inert gas such as nitrogen is used as a carrier gas. The shredded tyre is continuously fed into the hot reactor in most other types of reactors, such as fluidised bed reactors. Usually, the decomposition of tyre materials starts at near 400 ◦C temperature, and therefore, most of the pyrolysis investigations shown in Table 1 have been conducted between the 450 and 600 ◦C temperature range [65].


**Table 1.** Various amount of product yield from waste tyre using pyrolysis reactor.
