*3.2. MIC Determination*

The MIC for antibiotics against *Y. pseudotuberculosis* strain was determined by the broth microdilution method in a 96-well microplate. Tetracycline (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MA, USA), carbenicillin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MA, USA), kanamycin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MA, USA), and chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MA, USA) were tested in the concentration range of 0.12–256 μg/mL obtained after a series of 2-fold dilutions in the LB broth. Bacterial colonies were cultured in LB broth at 27 ◦C to reach McFarland standard 0.5. The suspensions were further diluted and inoculated into the wells with antibiotics to obtain a final concentration of 5 × 105 CFU/mL. The plates were incubated for 16 h at 27 ◦C and 37 ◦C. The MIC value was determined as the lowest concentration of an antibiotic at which visible growth was inhibited.
