*2.1. Plant Materials*

Notoginseng total saponins (NGTS), containing ginsenoside Rg<sup>1</sup> (GRg1, A1, 26.6%), ginsenoside Rb<sup>1</sup> (GRb1, A2, 32.5%), ginsenoside Rd (GRd, A3, 6.6%), ginsenoside Re (GRe, A4, 4.1%), and notoginsenoside R<sup>1</sup> (NGR1, A5, 6.2%), prepared according to the Monograph of NGTS recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia [8], was purchased from Yunnan Plant Pharm. Co., Ltd. (Yunnan, China). Besides NGR1, GRg1, GRe, GRb1, and GRd (Han et al., 2010), the remaining amount of around 25% ginsenosides in NGTS were further clarified as previously described [9]. *Carthamus tinctorius* extract, containing hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA; A9, 8.0%) and kaempferol-3-*O*-rutinoside (A11, 0.2%) was prepared following the protocol described in a previous report [1]. The chemical structures of the main components contained in CNP are shown in Figure 1. The chemical profiling based on LC–MS (Figure S1) and the detail chemical composition information were reported in our previous research papers [10]. The detailed information of other chemicals and reagents is shown in the Supplementary Materials section.

**Figure 1.** The chemical structures of the main components contained in the combination of *Carthamus tinctorius* extract and notoginseng total saponins (CNP).
