*2.7. Water and Crop Productivity Data Analysis*

Farmers could decide the irrigation interval and amount based on their field observation on soil moisture. Farmer's water application practice (i.e., application dates and amounts) were recorded from each plot after every irrigation based on the availability of water in the fixed water storage tanks (1000 L) for the dry season production. Crop yield (Y) was measured as weight during harvest separately for each soil and water management (i.e., CA, CT, and overhead and drip irrigation). Water productivity (WP), the amount of yield per unit volume of water [58], was computed as a quotient of crop yield and amount of water applied (irrigation and effective rainfall) as shown in Equation (2). The effects of management practices on irrigation water use, crop yield, and water productivity were analyzed using a paired t-test at a 5% significance level. Besides, the variability of forage production among participant farmers due to effort and commitment was analyzed using the coefficient of variation.

$$
\left(WP = \frac{Y}{I + P\varepsilon}\right) \tag{2}
$$

where *WP*, *Y*, *I*, *Pe* are water productivity (kg/m3), yield (kg), irrigated water (m3), and effective rainfall (m3), respectively.
