**1. Introduction**

Efficient management and conservation practices for agricultural water use are essential for adapting to and mitigating the impacts of the current and future discrepancy between water supplies and water demands. The importance of water conservation in agriculture is fundamental to ensuring a balance of sustainability and profitability. While profitability is a primary concern in any sustainable enterprise, farmers typically adopt new tools and practices that result in higher profits or reduced risks. Irrigation management practices that reduce water use with acceptable impacts on production would be viable strategies and cost-effective tools to cope with diminished water supplies and generate new sources of water to transfer for other agricultural uses and urban and environmental demands.

The water conservation measures may reduce crop water use and/or improve efficiency, and consist of advanced irrigation scheduling, deficit irrigation, on-farm irrigation system conversion and improvement, tailwater recovery systems, precision irrigation, and crop rotation and alternative low water use cropping systems. This Special Issue focuses on "Agricultural Water Conservation: Tools, Strategies, and Practices", which aims to bring together a collection of recent cutting-edge research and advancements in agricultural water conservation.
