**5. Conclusions**

Results of this investigation demonstrated that all tested chemical interventions (SSS, formic acid, PAA, SSS-aPAA and FA-aPAA) were effective (*p* < 0.05) in reducing *C. jejuni* populations on chicken wings, with greater immediate reductions obtained when the treatments were applied by immersion than by spraying. Acidification of PAA (550 ppm) with pH 1.2 SSS or 1.5% formic acid did not enhance the immediate (0 h) bactericidal effects of non-acidified PAA; however, the combination of hurdles of the acidified PAA treatments and the subsequent chilled storage conditions (4 ◦C, 24 h) likely prevented recovery of sub-lethally injured bacterial cells. As a result, chicken wings treated with SSS-aPAA or FA-aPAA and stored at 4 ◦C for 24 h had the lowest pathogen levels. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of SSS-aPAA and FA-aPAA in reducing *C. jejuni* contamination on chicken parts when applied under conditions found in commercial processing facilities.

**Author Contributions:** All of the authors contributed significantly to the study. Conceptualization, K.E.B.; study design, I.G., M.N.N., K.E.B.; supervision, I.G., M.N.N., K.E.B.; performed the experiments, S.V.G.; data collection and analysis, S.V.G.; data interpretation, S.V.G., I.G.; writing—original draft preparation, S.V.G.; writing—review and editing, S.V.G., I.G., M.N.N., K.E.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by Zoetis, Inc. (Parsippany, NJ, USA).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to thank Zoetis Inc. (Parsippany, NJ, USA) for funding the study, for providing the antimicrobial products, and for technical support from James O. Reagan and Stephen Mixon on the preparation of the chemical solutions. The authors would also like to thank Glenn Tillman (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science, Eastern Laboratory, Microbiology Characterization Branch, Athens, GA, USA) and Shaohua Zhao (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, USA) for providing the *C. jejuni* strains used in this study.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funder of the study had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
