*2.3. Survey Questionnaire*

The questionnaire used was translated to the local language of the study sites, Filipino/Tagalog for Busuanga and Bahasa for Karimunjawa. It has four sections, namely (A) socio-demographics, (B) awareness level, and (C) utilization frequency of ES, and (D) perceived threats and management strategies (modified from [33,34]). Section A profiled the name, gender, age, residency, education, and occupation of the respondents. Section B and C used a five-point Likert scale; awareness level was measured from 1 (not aware) to 5 (extremely aware) while utilization rate is weighed from 1 (never use) to 5 (every day). Section D measures the perceived threats and management priorities through a rating with most (1) to least (10) damaging threat and top (1) to least (7) priority, respectively. Lastly, the respondents were asked to identify from a list of stakeholders who should be managing the BCEs in their areas.
