**1. Introduction**

Since the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21 in Brazil of 1992, international attentions have been given to indigenous people at tropic regions; a number of studies have been conducted to comprehend and suggest the importance of livelihood and biodiversity of local communities. However, there are a couple of well-known or sightseeing sites of traditional folk villages (TFVs) at temperate regions which have intentionally been conserved and maintained by government supports [1–3]. We need to understand the relationship between biodiversity and TFVs at typical monsoon lifestyles of agricultural and forestry cultivating systems in China, Japan and Korea. Biocultural diversity is known to be connected with the interrelationship between dwellers and nature [4], and also with functional roles of habitats, especially from cultural and socio-economic perspectives [5–8]. Tropic regions have high biodiversity in residential areas, while temperate regions have a high biodiversity by products of a long-harmonized relationship between humans and nature. In 1945, German geographer Lautensach [9] commented on the pattern of Korean settlement in comparison with ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) people. He pointed out the diverse spectrum from slash-and-burn farming to residential agriculture in Korea, contrary to the ASEAN peoples showing the migrating and turning patterns of slash-and-burn farming. Based on his records, Korea showed permanent settled or migrating patterns of slash-and-burn farming at some areas.

However, there are a few villages conserving old lifestyles and residential patterns in Korea. With changing climate and socio-economic conditions, it is very difficult to maintain TFVs on their own finance, so financial supports by central and local government are essential to conserve folk villages and typical residential patterns like thatched houses and tile-roofed houses. Park (2008) [10] suggested that the biodiversity of a rural landscape can be represented by three kinds of interactions like edge effects, landscape complementation and mutual synchronization. However, there has been little survey on the traits of breeding birds in TFVs. This study was conducted to reveal the traits of breeding birds and find a conservation measure in TFVs in Korea.
