**4. Conclusions**

*Pranata Mangsa* is an important system of local agricultural knowledge used in Jawa, and includes information regarding climate conditions, crop patterns, and farming activities. All of these areas can be related to DRR and CCA based on scientific data. Rituals and ceremonies help communities build resilience, but cannot be explained in scientific terms. Such activities will continue to be engaged in by communities.

It is important to recognize that *Pranata Mangsa* is not wholly effective for DRR and CCA: there are limitations to its utility, depending on: (1) the size and location of the community; (2) the commitment of the participants, especially from the younger generation; and (3) support from stakeholders and policymakers concerned with adaptation to, and mitigation of the negative effects of, extreme hydrological events. In conclusion, this study successfully used LINKS to integrate local and scientific knowledge for flood and drought risk reduction and CCA, which should increase the resilience of communities.

**Author Contributions:** M.K.Z. (formal analysis, investigation and writing—original draft), K.N. (conceptualization, funding acquisition, supervision and writing—review & editing), K.I. (supervision), K.K. (supervision), S.S. (supervision), M.S. (supervision). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by "Advancing Co-design of Integrated Strategies with Adaptation of Climate Change in Thailand (ADAP-T)" supported by The Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), JST-JICA and by KAKENHI Grand No. JP19H03069 and No. JP20J10806.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors gratefully thank the United Graduate School of Sciences, Gifu University for providing financial support during the Doctoral program of the first author in Japan.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
