*3.1. No-Load Analysis*

To examine the no-load operation of the machine used for the validation of *3r<sup>d</sup>* and *6th* harmonic injection-based brushless WFSM topologies, no-load analysis is carried out in JMAG-Designer ver. 19.1. A field current of 2 A is directly supplied to the rotor field winding in order to generate the main rotor field. The rotor of the machine is rotated at 1800 rpm, as in the previous case. The magnetic flux density plot of the machine under such a condition is shown in Figure 5. This flux density plot shows that the operation of the machine is under a saturation level of 1.98 T. A back-EMF of 546.30 *Vrms* is generated. The generated back-EMF of the machine is shown in Figure 6a; however, the FFT plot of this back-EMF is presented in Figure 6b to show its harmonic contents. The peak-to-peak cogging torque of the employed machine is 1.68 Nm. The generated cogging torque is shown in Figure 7.

**Figure 5.** Magnetic flux density plot of the employed machine.
