**About the Editors**

### **Liyuan Liu**

Liyuan Liu is a Senior Assessment Researcher in the team of Efficacy and Research at Pearson Headquarters. She was a post-doctoral research fellow at Roehampton University who mainly supported the planning and development of assessment methodology and instruments for UNICEF and World Bank Life Skills and the Citizenship Education Project between 2017 and 2021. She published a relevant regional report, entitled 'Measuring Life Skills In the context of Life Skills and Citizenship Education in the Middle East and North Africa' (Co-authored with Prof. Bryony Hoskins) to deliver information about the current status of 12 life skills development within an international context, further achieving recognition within the Middle East and North Africa, as well as translated to standard Arabic by UNICEF in early 2021.

In early 2021, she worked as an individual consultant for UNICEF Headquarters to provide evidence-based advice on mapping holistic skill development for children and youth. She is particularly interested in creating learning opportunities and developing fair assessments to support youth, especially disadvantaged youth, to help them progress and succeed at different life stages.

### **Steven Donbavand**

Steven Donbavand is a Lecturer in Sociology in the Institute of Education, Social and Life Sciences at the University of Chichester. His ongoing research interests are inclusion and inequality, which he has investigated from economic (poverty analysis), social (loneliness and isolation) and political (citizenship and inequalities in political engagement) perspectives. In addition to academic research, he has written many related policy papers on political engagement, democratizing institutions, creating connected societies, regeneration, and poverty mapping. Steven is currently developing the Sociology program at the University of Chichester, in which he specialises in social theory. He particularly encourages students at either undergraduate or postgraduate level with a passion for political engagement and social change to get in touch.

### **Bryony Hoskins**

Professor Bryony Hoskins has a chair in Comparative Social Science at the University of Roehampton. She is an internationally renowned expert on citizenship education and political socialisation. Her latest book is entitled *Education, Democracy and Inequality: Political Engagement and Citizenship Education in Europe* and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan.

Professor Hoskins has an excellent track record regarding funding. Her recent funded research projects have been on Post-16 Educational Trajectories and Social Inequalities in Political Engagement (Funded by the Nuffield Foundation), Effective education interventions for teaching and learning European Citizenship for disadvantaged young people (funded by Robert Bosch Foundation), and Measuring Life Skills and Citizenship Education in the Middle East and North Africa (funded by UNICEF).

Professor Hoskins has 7 years of policy experience, having previously worked on the Council of Europe, leading youth research; and at the European Commission, leading the development of indicators on Active Citizenship. She has extensive experience of performing consultancies for UNICEF, UNESCO, the European Commission, and the Council of Europe.

### **Jan Germen Janmaat**

Jan Germen Janmaat is a Professor of Political Socialization at UCL Institute of Education. He is interested in the development of civic values and political engagement across the life cycle and the role that education, broadly conceived, plays in influencing these outcomes. He has been published widely on this topic in a variety of journals broadly covering education, sociology and political science. His latest book is entitled *Education, Democracy and Inequality: Political Engagement and Citizenship Education in Europe* (Palgrave; co-authored with Bryony Hoskins). He is currently working on a project on post-16 educational tracking and social inequalities of political engagement, which is funded by the Nuffield Foundation with a Grant for Research, Development and Analysis (Grant number 44157). From October 2015 to September 2021, he was co-editor of *Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education*.

### **Dimokritos Kavadias**

Dimokritos Kavadias is an Associate Professor at the Political Science Department of the Free University of Brussels (VUB). He started as a graduated researcher on topics of urban policy (1993) and the social integration of immigrants in Brussels (1995). From 1996 onwards, his research has focused on education and youth culture. He graduated with a PhD in Political Science (Brussels 2004) on the topic of the political socialization in Flanders. After graduation, he collaborated on devising a new electoral law for the Democratic REpublic of the Congo (2005), and from 2005, supervised olicy-oriented research commissioned by the National Institute for Statistics (2005), the King Baudouin Foundation (2006–2009), the Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism (CGKR; 2006), Community Education Flanders (GO!; 2008), the Flemish Association for Development Cooperation and Technical Assistance (VVOB; 2009), and the Flemish Ministry of Education (2005, 2006, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2021). His more fundamental research focuses on the influence of schools and teachers on the shaping of political attitudes and the knowledge of adolescents (political socialisation), and more recently, on social cohesion in schools.

He teaches methodological seminars as well as courses on "Research Design", "Political Psychology" and "Citizenship and Participation" in the Bachelors and Master's programmes in Political Science at the VUB.
