**Impact of the Cultivation Technique on the Production of Secondary Metabolites by** *Chrysosporium lobatum* **TM-237-S5, Isolated from the Sponge** *Acanthella cavernosa*


Received: 8 November 2019; Accepted: 26 November 2019; Published: 30 November 2019

**Abstract:** The fungi *Chrysosporium lobatum* TM-237-S5 was isolated from the sponge *Acanthella cavernosa*, collected from the mesophotic coral ecosystem of the Red Sea. The strain was cultivated on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, coupling solid-state fermentation and solid-state extraction (SSF/SSE) with a neutral macroreticular polymeric adsorbent XAD Amberlite resin (AMBERLITE XAD1600N). The SSF/SSE lead to high chemodiversity and productivity compared to classical submerged cultivation. Ten phenalenone related compounds were isolated and fully characterized by one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR and HRMS. Among them, four were found to be new compounds corresponding to isoconiolactone, (-)-peniciphenalenin F, (+)-8-hydroxyscleroderodin, and (+)-8-hydroxysclerodin. It is concluded that SSF/SSE is a powerful strategy, opening a new era for the exploitation of microbial secondary metabolites.

**Keywords:** solid-state fermentation; solid-state extraction; *Chrysosporium lobatum*; marine fungi; phenalenone derivatives
