**About the Editors**

**Jun-Tae Kim** is a professor in built environment and renewable energy at the Department of Architectural Engineering and Head of the Graduate School of Energy Systems Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Korea. He is leader of the Green Energy Technology Research Center and the sole Korean expert for the ongoing International Energy Agency (IEA) Photovoltaic Power Systems (PVPS) Programme Task 15. He participated in previous IEA Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Programme Task 41 and IEA SHC/EBC Task40/Annex 52 Net-Zero-Energy Solar Buildings (NZEB) as well. With over 24 years of industrial and academic experience, Prof. Dr. Jun-Tae Kim has developed a cross-disciplinary network nationally and internationally, across both academia and industry, and has built a reputation for innovative and adaptable solutions towards sustainable buildings integrated with solar-harnessing renewable energy technologies.

**Masa Noguchi** is an associate professor in environmental design at the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, University of Melbourne, Australia. He is a chartered engineer, environmentalist, and technological product designer, registered, respectively, with the Engineering Council, Society for the Environment, and the Institution of Engineering Designers in the UK. In 2002 he also became a member of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, and today he serves as a certified passive house designer, registered with the Passive House Institute in Germany. Dr. Noguchi is the founding coordinator of the ZEMCH Network (www.zemch.org), which consists of over 850 partners from nearly 40 countries and has initiated a number of industry–academia knowledge transfer events. At the Melbourne School of Design, he leads Zero-Energy Mass Custom Home (ZEMCH) design courses, i.e., "Travelling Studio" and "Design Thesis Studio" within the graduate program. Dr Noguchi leads ZEMCH engineering design research for the delivery of socially, economically, environmentally, and humanly sustainable built environments in global contexts.

**Ha¸sim Altan** is a professor of sustainable design and architectural engineering at the Department of Architecture and Dean of the Faculty of Design at Arkin University of Creative Arts and Design (ARUCAD) in Kyrenia, Cyprus. He is a chartered architect (RIBA) and a chartered engineer (CIBSE) with over 20 years of academic and practice experience through architectural engineering and sustainable design for the built environment in the UK, Europe, and the MENA region. As well as having supervised 16 successful PhD students, Prof. Dr. Altan has published over 250-refereed journal and conference papers in addition to edited books and chapters in related fields.

#### **Preface to "ZEMCH International Research 2020"**

The built environment continuously accounts for a significant share of energy use and associated carbon emissions in many countries. One contributing factor to these two aspects is the long operational lifespan of buildings. Generally, buildings are used for decades. For instance, a greater percentage of buildings that will still be in use by the year 2050 are the ones already built today. This being the case, the overall building energy consumption profile is substantially evident in the whole energy footprint of the economy. Secondly, the rate at which new buildings replace older buildings is very low. In many countries, this rate is less than an average of 2% per year. Thirdly, although necessary, strict building energy codes are either obsolete with regard to existing buildings or become obsolete in a short time span with regard to new buildings. Additionally, in a very conservative industry such as building construction, the monitoring and implementation of building energy codes is a notable challenge, not to mention the intrinsic limitations of building energy codes. In addition, factors such as occupant behavior, user trends, and climate change resulting in severe cold and hot seasons in certain regions are difficult, if not impossible, to control. Therefore, in an effort to move towards energy efficiency in the built environment, topics covering user choice and behavior, on-site energy generation and utilization in buildings, energy-efficient systems and solutions, responsive and dynamic building systems, innovative artificial intelligent solutions towards conservation and managemen<sup>t</sup> of resources, reduction of carbon emissions, sustainable systems and environments, and mass customization, among others, have become key global issues being tackled by numerous research institutions.

In response to market needs and demands for socially, economically, environmentally, and humanly sustainable built environments in developed and developing countries to accommodate people with different socio-economic backgrounds of all ages and abilities, the Zero-Energy Mass Custom Home (ZEMCH) was instigated. The ZEMCH Network was officially established in 2010 after a number of international industry–academia collaborative study tours were organized in order to observe the state-of-the-art production and sales facilities of leading low-to-zero energy or carbon dioxide emissions sustainable housing manufacturers in Japan that also practiced inclusive design. Currently the ZEMCH Network consists of 858 global partners from academia, industry, and government, based in over 45 countries. The Network organizes international conferences across the globe to create a networking platform as well as to disseminate information on current developments related to sustainable built environment.

This book compiles recent contributions from 14 author groups that have been published under ZEMCH International Research 2020. A full range of ZEMCH topics, including building envelope evaluations, occupant choice and experience, indoor environmental quality, automated control systems, mass customization, and integration of renewable energy, on both building and urban scales are covered. The aim is to address current questions as well as present challenges and opportunities for the continuous development of built environments for all users with diverse socio-economic backgrounds and cultural differences in developed and developing countries. Housing is a complex system of energy and environment. To deliver a marketable and reliable near-zero-energy/emission-conscious mass custom home, various key design, technological, production and marketing, and delivery and operational parameters need to be optimized harmoniously.

#### **Jun-Tae Kim, Masa Noguchi, Ha¸sim Altan**

*Editors*

## *Article* **E**ff**ect of Triangular Ba**ffl**e Arrangement on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Air-Type PVT Collector**

**Ji-Suk Yu 1, Jin-Hee Kim 2 and Jun-Tae Kim 3,\***


Received: 4 August 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 10 September 2020

**Abstract:** A Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector is a device that produces electricity and simultaneously uses a heat source transmitted to back side of the Photovoltaic (PV). The PVT collector is categorized into liquid-type and air-type according to the heating medium. As an advantage, air-type PVT system is easy to manage and can be directly used for heating purposes. The performance of air-type PVT collector is determined by various factors, such as the height of air gap and air flow path (by baffles) in the collector. Baffles are installed in the PVT collector to improve the thermal performance of the collector by generating turbulence. However, the air flow that affects the performance of the PVT collector can vary depending on the number and placement of the baffles. Thus, the flow design using baffles in the collector is important. In this study, the performance of an air-type PVT collector due to the arrangemen<sup>t</sup> of triangular baffles and air gap height at the back of the PV module is analyzed through a simulation program. For this purpose, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed with an NX program to compare and analyze the optimum conditions to improve the performance of the collector.

**Keywords:** air-type PVT collector; CFD (computational fluid dynamic); thermal performance; triangular baffles
