2.2.3. Work Role Ambiguity

This variable is defined as "The extent to which one is confronted with unclear work situations" [32]. The ambiguity instrument used in this study measures role ambiguity using six items measured on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The scale includes the following items: I am not sure what is expected of me at work; the requirements of my job are not always clear; I often do not know what is expected of me at work; I know everything that I am expected to do at work with certainty; My job duties are clearly defined; and I know what I am required to do for most or every aspect of my job. A higher score on this scale reflects higher role ambiguity. In the original study, the scale has good reliability (Chronbach's Alpha = 0.85) and a suitable criterion validity with Perceived Stress Scale (r = 0.478, *p* < 0.01).
