**2. Materials and Methods**

This study used data from Almansour et al., study of Work-Related Challenges among Primary Health Centers Workers during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia [29]. The random sampling technique was used in the original national cross-sectional study. The original study aimed to explore the association between role conflict, role ambiguity, self-esteem, and social support with stress levels among HCWs in primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia, including regular primary health centers and Fever Clinic centers. The original study also aimed to identify the differences in stress, role conflict and ambiguity, self-esteem, and social support between employees in regular healthcare centers and Fever Clinics.

An online questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants using a multistage random sampling approach. The study participants were selected from the employees in the primary healthcare center of the five geographical regions of Saudi Arabia. The study participants were recruited from 20 Directorates of Health Affairs in Saudi Arabia divided into Central, Eastern, Western, Northern, and Southern regions. All the public government primary health care centers (regular or Fever Clinic centers) fall in these 20 Directorates of Health Affairs, so every primary health care center has a chance to be selected in this study. The number of regular primary healthcare centers was 2070, while the number of Fever Clinic centers was 119. In the original study, six regular health centers and two Fever Clinics centers were randomly selected from directorates in all regions. An email was sent to each employee in the selected health centers, and a reminder email was sent a week later. A link to an electronic self-administrated questionnaire was provided in the email, and it was anticipated to be completed in 10 min. The time frame for data collection was three weeks began on 27 September 2020.

The design of the present study was nonexperimental, correlational, and crosssectional. This study aimed to understand the sample characteristics better and investigate

the work-related factors (conflict, ambiguity, overload, and social support) that can contribute to stress among health care workers in the Fever Clinic centers.

#### *2.1. Sample*

The original study's target population was the various employees in the primary healthcare centers, including healthcare professionals such as nurses, physicians, pharmacists, social workers, and the administration department employees in the healthcare centers. Emails were sent inviting the employees from the randomly selected healthcare centers to take part in the study. The emails sent out saw a 69% response rate: 1378 responses were received from the 2007 emails sent out. The data collection in each health directorate was coordinated by the head of the primary healthcare center Health Affairs Directorate. The link to the self-administered electronic questionnaire was mailed to the employees by the head of the primary healthcare center. The participants were assisted by the principal investigator when they experienced any challenges with the questionnaire. The target participants also received a weekly reminder during the data collection period.

This current study has a sample size *N* = 275 of health care workers extracted from the original dataset. The current study selected only health care workers who work in the Fever Clinics centers (20% of the original sample); health care workers who work in the regular health care centers were excluded from the current study (80% of the original sample). A conducted power analysis of the currently selected sample size of *N* = 275 using G\*Power software, version 3.1.9.7, showed that this sample size has around 80% power (1-Beta error) at an alpha of 0.05, with four predictors, and one criterion, to detect even a modest effect size of 0.04 [30].
