2.2.2. Big Five Inventory, Short Version (BFI-2-S)

The Italian HCWs' personality trait domains were assessed using the Italian translation of the 30-item BFI-2-S [80]; it is a short version of the 60-item BFI-2 [81], which, in its turn, represents a revision of the Big Five Inventory (BFI, [82–84]).

The BFI-2 "operationalizes the hierarchical conceptualization of personality structure by assessing the Big Five domains and 15 facets: Extraversion (with facets of Sociability, Assertiveness, and Energy Level), Agreeableness (Compassion, Respectfulness, and Trust), Conscientiousness (Organization, Productiveness, and Responsibility), Negative Emotionality (Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional Volatility), and Open-Mindedness (Intellectual Curiosity, Aesthetic Sensitivity, and Creative Imagination)" [81] (p. 69). Respondents rate each of the 30 items using a five-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

The CFA outcomes supported the hypothesized structure: all standardized factor loadings resulted statistically significant (with values between 0.420 and 0.914), and the goodness of fit indexes acceptable (CFI = 0.911; TLI = 0.902; RMSEA = 0.079; SRMR = 0.088). We considered (throughout the article) as fit indexes the comparative fit index (CFI), the TLI, the RMSEA, and the SRMR, with CFI and TLI ≥ 0.90, RMSEA ≤ 0.08, and SRMR ≤ 0.06 as threshold values [85].

Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were respectively 0.74 and 0.73 for Extraversion, 0.71 and 0.70 for Agreeableness, 0.70 and 0.69 for Conscientiousness, 0.77 and 0.77 for Negative Emotionality, 0.77 and 0.78 for Open-Mindedness.
