*2.4. Negative Attitude Scale (NA)*

There were seven questions included in this section that were focused on elucidating the perceived negative attitude developed during the pandemic. These questions had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92. The questions were meant to evaluate the interest level, social life, feelings of frustration and despair, tension level, ability to focus and mood status. The responses for each question were scored 0 (never), 1 (rare), 2 (sometimes), 3 (most of the time) and 4 (always), with a lower score indicating a low negative attitude. A cutoff of ≥ 8 was used to reflect the presence of a negative attitude.
