*4.1. Cell Lines*

HOG cell line, established from a surgically removed human oligodendroglioma by Dr. A. T. Campagnoni (University of California, UCLA, Berkeley, CA, USA) [73] was kindly provided by Dr. J. A. López-Guerrero (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) [74]. Cells were grown in DMEM, low glucose, pyruvate, HEPES (22320- 022, Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland, UK), 100 units/mL penicillin/streptomycin (17-602E, Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland, UK), and 10% (*v*/*v*) heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (10270-106, Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland, UK).

Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was obtained from Sigma (ref 94030304, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and was grown in DMEM supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine (61965-059, Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland, UK), 100 units/mL penicillin/streptomycin (17-602E, Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland, UK), 1% nonessential amino acids (11140-035, Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland, UK), and 10% (*v*/*v*) heat inactivated FBS (10270-106, Invitrogen, Paisley, Scotland, UK).

Cells were maintained at 37 ◦C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and were passaged when they were 80–90% confluent, i.e., approximately twice a week for no more than 20 passages.
