**7. Conclusions**

Overall, demyelinating myelopathies belong to a complex and heterogeneous group of diseases, in which differential diagnosis can be difficult (Table 1). Clinical features, time-course, CSF characteristics, specific serum assays, and brain and spinal cord MRI findings all contribute to determine diagnosis, select the best treatment option and establish prognosis for each subtype. Early treatment with IV steroids and PLEX is accepted in all etiologies, but more specific treatment strategies may subsequently be adopted based on final diagnosis.


Ab: antibodies, ADEM: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, AQP4: Aquaporin 4, F: female, GFAP: glial fibrillary acid protein, LETM: longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, M: male, MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, MS: multiple sclerosis, NMDAr: *N*-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor, NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, OCB: oligoclonal bands. \* estimated media. **Author Contributions:** M.M. contributed to draft the original manuscript, design the figures, revise the draft and provide important intellectual contributions. M.I.G. contributed to draft the original manuscript, design the figures, revise the draft and provide important intellectual contributions. J.C. contributed to the conception and design of the manuscript, draft the original manuscript, revise the draft, provide important intellectual contributions, and supervised the writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was supported by an internal gran<sup>t</sup> from FLENI (J.C.).

**Acknowledgments:** We thank Angeles Schteinschnaider for providing Figure 4 and Ismael L. Calandri for providing the graphical abstract.

**Conflicts of Interest:** M.M. has nothing to disclose. M.I.G. has received reimbursement for developing educational presentations, from Merck Argentina, Biogen Argentina, Sanofi-Genzyme Argentina, Bayer Inc Argentina and Novartis Argentina, and has received travel/accommodations stipends from Merck Argentina, Biogen Argentina, Roche Argentina, Novartis Argentina, and TEVA Argentina. J.C. is a board member of Merck-Serono Argentina, Biogen-Idec LATAM, Merck-Serono. LATAM, Novartis and Genzyme global. Correale has received reimbursement for developing educational presentations for Merck-Serono Argentina, Merck-Serono LATAM, Biogen-Idec Argentina, Genzyme Argentina, and Novartis Argentina and Roche Argentina as well as professional travel/accommodations stipends. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
