2.2.1. Health Status

Self-rated health status was measured by asking the participants how they felt in terms of their general state of health, and the responses ranged from "very poor" (1) to "very good" (5). This was one of the widely used validated indicators of health in the field of social sciences [44]. In this study, most of the participants rated their level of health as 4 (40.35%) or 5 (39.18%). In other words, the participants' self-rated health tended to be good (*M =* 4.17, *SD =* 0.79).
