**2. Materials and Methods**

### *2.1. Sample and Setting*

This study was a national, population-based survey and it was approved by the Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Board (H-47505) and reports on baseline data were obtained from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of the psychosocial and health behavioral impacts of the pandemic [28]. Eligible individuals were aged ≥18 and resided in the USA. Surveys were distributed in English and Spanish via paid and unpaid social media advertisements and an online survey crowdsourcing platform, Soapbox Sample, during the initial lockdown period in the USA. The survey was initially launched on 13 April 2020 and continued through to 8 June 2020. This period of time coincided with the initial lockdown period that was observed in 42 of 50 states [29]. The U.S. states that did not institute stay-at home orders were Arkansas, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. By the end of the first week in June, rates of infection in the USA had begun to slowly decline, stay-at-home orders in most states had expired, and 34 states had either reopened or were in the process of a phased, state-wide reopening [29]. In addition, governors in 8 hard-hit states had allowed counties or regions that met criteria for slowing the outbreak to open (California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Washington) [29].

Two weeks after the initial survey launch (1 May 2020), the survey was amended to also include questions about lifestyle behaviors, as these questions were not included in the original survey. Consequently, the total survey sample size was 2222, but only 1276 individuals took the survey between 1 May 2020 and 8 June 2020, and therefore comprise the current study sample.

### *2.2. Procedures*

Social media advertisements contained a hyperlink directing individuals to the survey website. The landing page contained a brief cover letter describing the study. If, after reading the letter, individuals were interested in participating, they were asked to check a box confirming their eligibility, understanding, and consent. The survey was administered on the Qualtrics survey platform (Provo, UT, USA) [30]. Detailed measures were shown in Appendix A-Table A1 Measures
