**5. Conclusions**

This study provides new data on lifestyle behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the general U.S. population. Overall, findings suggest that women, unemployed individuals, and those with high anxiety levels are at increased risk of unhealthy lifestyle behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but that they may benefit from differently focused lifestyle interventions. Whereas women and unemployed individuals may benefit from lifestyle interventions targeting diet and physical activity, individuals with anxiety may benefit from lifestyle interventions targeting smoking and alcohol cessation. Since the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, more extensive population studies of lifestyle behavioral changes are warranted to confirm our results and understand the long-term effects of the current crisis on physical health.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/ijerph18084364/s1, Table S1: Associations between individual level determinants and healthy behavioral change (physical activity and healthy eating), Table S2: Associations between individual level determinants and addictive behavioral change (tobacco smoking, alcohol use and vaping).

**Author Contributions:** Concept and design, H.B., C.I.A., and A.O.; Acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data, X.Z., A.O., and H.B.; Statistical analysis, X.Z., J.B., and Y.H.; Writing—original draft preparation, X.Z., H.B., and A.O.; Supervision, H.B; Writing—review and editing, L.W., O.E.-M., M.A.F., S.A.R., J.B., Y.H., A.O., C.I.A.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** H.B. and C.I.A. were supported by NHLBI OT2HL158258 (PI, Vishwantha). X.Z., M.A.F., and S.A.R. were supported by the Research Training Award for Cancer Prevention Post-Graduate Training Program in Integrative Epidemiology from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (grant number RP160097, PI, M. Spitz). Finally, this work was supported by the facilities and resources of the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center P30 CA125123 (PI, Heslop).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** This study was approved by the Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Board (H-47505).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
