*2.2. The Survey Instrument and Data Collection*

A structured questionnaire (Figure S1) was constructed by the authors based on the grey literature on COVID-19 attitudes, perceptions, and preventive behaviors recommended by the WHO and other public health organizations [31–33]. For the sociodemographic and household characteristics, the authors developed questions suitable for the local context. The questionnaire was translated into Pakistan's national language, Urdu, and duly pretested and updated before using it for data collection (Figure S1). For pretesting, a convenience sample of 30 participants was recruited from the community in the actual study setting. The participants were asked to complete the questionnaire in a face-to-face setting. After each questionnaire was completed, the participants were asked about their understanding of the questions to assess their face validity. They were also asked which questions they found unclear and why. Based on information from pretesting, the questionnaire was updated. Three interviewers that were trained in face-to-face survey methodology conducted the interviews during the partial lockdown of Pakistan from 17 to 25 May 2020 using the questionnaire. Since the survey participants volunteered to participate at the sampling stage, a total of 500 adults finally participated in the survey with a response rate of 98%.
