*3.1. Effects of Lockdown*

The MANOVA assessing the effect of lockdown on our variables was significant for time, Pillai's Trace = 0.57, *F*(7,38) = 6.04, *p* < 0.01, indicating a significant overall impact of lockdown on the variables. The results of the subsequent one-way repeatedmeasures ANCOVAs are reported in Table 1 (together with Cronbach's αs of all variables). Two mindfulness facets (i.e., observing and non-judging) and the total mindfulness score changed as a function of time. In particular, observing increased during lockdown while non-judging and total mindfulness decreased. Regarding psychological distress, anxiety did not change, while both depression and HADS total increased. Regarding sleep-related problems, sleep quality (sleep factor) decreased, while daytime sleepiness (wake factor) and MSQ total did not change. Lastly, circadian typology (rMEQ) did not change. Overall, these results showed that lockdown impacted different areas of psychological functioning, including mindfulness, distress, and sleep quality.

**Table 1.** Reliability, means, standard deviations, and one-way ANCOVA statistics for variables measured before (Time 0) and during (Time 1) lockdown.


Note. Sleep = sleep quality, Wake = daytime sleepiness. Time 0 = before lockdown, Time 1 = during lockdown. Cronbach's *α*s were computed on the Time 0 data. An interpretable measure of effect size is reported as partial eta squared (η<sup>2</sup> p). Variables that changed significantly from Time 0 to Time 1 are reported in boldface. Significant level is indicated as follows: \* *p* < 0.05; \*\* *p* < 0.01.
