*3.1. Descriptive Statistics, Factor Analysis, and the Correlation Matrix*

Initially, 2031 respondents filled in the online questionnaire. After excluding those with missing values (*n* = 31) and those aged below 20 years (*n* = 30), a total of 1970 participants (1305 females, 650 males, and 15 transgender) were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 37.81 ± 11.00 years. The correlation matrix with significance, mean and standard deviation for each indicator is shown in Table 1. In general, active coping with COVIDD-19 is postively correlated with risk perception, but negatively correlated with perceived social support. The values of Cronbach's α of all questionnares were above 0.5, indicating acceptable range [27]. Regarding the EFA of "active coping with COVID-19", the value of the KMO coefficient was 0.70, and the Bartletts' test of sphericity reached statistical significance (*p* < 0.01). It supported the adequeacy of the sample. The total variance explained (%) of "active coping with COVID-19" was at 43.29%, which was close to the acceptable range of 50% [33].


**Table 1.** The correlation matrix of observed variables.

Con-2; 15 = Support-1; 16 = Support-2; 17 = Support-3; details of abbreviations

 are listed in Table 2.


**Table 2.** Principle component analysis for factors in the conceptual model.
