*3.2. From Lockdown to Sleep Problems through Mindfulness and Distress*

Table 2 shows the estimated coefficients of the model including the high-level variables (Figure 1). This analysis revealed that lockdown significantly decreased mindfulness, and this, in turn, decreased distress, while distress increased sleep problems. Furthermore, we found three significant indirect effects: from lockdown to distress through mindfulness (b = 0.61, CI = [0.08, 1.64], SE = 0.35, β = 0.07), from lockdown to sleep through both mindfulness and distress (b = 0.51, CI = [0.05, 1.88], SE = 0.36, β = 0.03), and from mindfulness to sleep problems through distress (b = −0.06, CI = [−0.16, −0.01], β = −0.09). All indirect

effects represented full mediation, as time did not significantly affect distress or sleep problems, nor did mindfulness directly affect sleep. Testing the model while removing the covariates did not significantly alter any of the considered paths. Hence, we tested the fit of the simplified model containing only significant paths and no covariate. This showed good fit statistics: χ2(3) = 1.04, *p* = 0.79, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.01, SRMR = 0.03.


**Table 2.** SEM estimated coefficients for model 1.

Note. b = unstandardized coefficient, CIlower and CIupper = lower and upper 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals of b, SE = standard error, β = standardized coefficient. Significant paths are reported in boldface. Significant level is indicated as follows: \* *p* < 0.05.

**Figure 1.** First model including only the total scores. Continuous arrows represent significant paths, while dotted arrows represent non-significant paths. Standardized coefficients are reported only for significant paths.
