2.2.4. Confidence against COVID-19

Self-confidence about COVID-19 and perceived confidence in the local government's ability to control the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed using the following 2 questions: (1) "How confident are you that you will overcome the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic?" and (2) "How confident are you that your city is controlling the COVID-19 pandemic?" The responses were scored on a five-point Likert scale as follows: 0 (not at all confident), 1 (not very confident), 2 (neutral), 3 (confident), and 4 (very confident). Higher scores indicated that the individual was more confident about overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.
