*2.9. Lack of Trust in Political Will*

A lack of trust in political will refers to the absence of individuals' confidence in political institutions, which damages his/her belief in the righteousness of these institutions. If such confidence is lacking, individuals would be likely to demonstrate civil disobedience and be reluctant to follow pandemic prevention guidelines by the governments. It has been suggested that the government plays a major role in reducing obesity, communicable, non-communicable diseases, and increasing the health conditions of the public. For this purpose, the monitoring and evaluation system was advised to be introduced to test the policies made by the government sector. It was done to make a healthy food environment like a government healthy food environment index developed in collaboration with international experts to maintain a hygienic food environment and reduce obesity [85]. Moreover, Yu et al. [86] analyzed the impact of government-controlled payment on the government's health services to the general public in Shanghai, China. The Shanghai government focused on developing community health services, which offered health services to the general public in 1997. Nevertheless, their main purpose was to make a profit instead of providing excellent services to the general public. In order to resolve the issue, the government

introduced the government-controlled payment process that focused on providing excellent services instead of making a profit, and it positively influenced the provision of quality services to meet the health requirements of people. Moreover, health officers' hand hygiene was an important factor in preventing and controlling disease transmission from patient to patient or healthy person. Allegranzi and Pittet [87] focused on promoting hand hygiene and issues faced by health workers in adopting alcohol-based hand wash to reduce healthcare-associated infections. In light of the above reviewed literature, the following hypothesis is developed:

**Hypothesis 9.** *Lack of trust in political will is likely to have a negative association with willingness to adopt pandemic prevention.*
