*2.3. Statistical Analysis*

Descriptive statistics for all the variables were calculated including the mean, standard deviation (SD), median, and range for continuous variables and relative frequency for categorical variables. For the main study analyses, Pearson's chi-square (χ2) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were first used to assess univariate associations between each of the individual-level determinant variables and each of the individual lifestyle behavioral change variables (i.e., healthy eating, PA, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and vaping). Next, univariate regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between each of the individual-level determinant variables and the two lifestyle behavioral change indices (i.e., healthy and addictive behavioral change). Then, all the variables that were associated with the behavioral change indices from the univariate regression analyses (*p* < 0.10) were entered into separate multivariable linear regression models. All statistical analyses were performed in SAS V.9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
