*4.9. Statistical Analysis*

Experimental data are shown as means ± SEM (*n* = 8). The unpaired Student's *t*-test was used to compare the two groups. Multiple group comparisons were performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe's post hoc test, using the SPSS 11 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). *p* values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. The densitometry analysis of Western blots and RP-PCR were performed with Quantity One (version 4.6.3; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and are indicated as means ± SEM (*n* = 4) obtained from the ratio of each band density versus those in the control and loading control of four independent experiments using the densitometer.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online. Figure S1: <sup>1</sup>H-NMR of (−)-pinoresinol 4-*O*-β-<sup>D</sup>-glucopyranoside (1); Figure S2: <sup>13</sup>C-NMR of (−)-pinoresinol 4-*O*-β-D-glucopyranoside (**1**); Figure S3: ESI-MS spectra of (−)-pinoresinol 4-*O*-β-D-glucopyranoside (**1**); Figure S4: <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra of (−)-marmesinin (**2**); Figure S5: <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectra of (−)-marmesinin (**2**); Figure S6: ESI-MS spectra of (−)-marmesinin (**2**); Figure S7: <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra of columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside (**3**); Figure S8: <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectra of columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside (**3**); Figure S9: ESI-MS spectra of columbianetin β-D-glucopyranoside (**3**); Figure S10: <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra of isomucronulatol 7-*O*-β-D-glucoside (**4**); Figure S11: <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectra of isomucronulatol 7-*O*-β-D-glucoside (**4**); Figure S12: ESI-MS spectra of isomucronulatol 7-*O*-β-D-glucoside (**4**); Figure S13: <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra of ecliptasaponin A (**5**); Figure S14: <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectra of ecliptasaponin A (**5**); Figure S15: ESI-MS spectra of ecliptasaponin A (**5**).

**Author Contributions:** J.Y.R. designed the study and directed its implementation, including the study's analytic strategy. Y.-I.K. helped conduct the literature review and prepare the Methods and the Discussion sections of the text. Y.H.K., H.-B.C., J.-Y.L., H.K. and T.Y.K. prepared the product to be tested and participated in preparation of the manuscript. G.U.H., E.Y.H., J.Y.P., S.H.J. and Y.H.S. conducted the animal cell experiment and analyzed the data. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

**Funding:** This study was supported by a research grant from Hannam University in 2018.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

## **References**


**Sample Availability:** Samples of the compounds are available from the corresponding authors (Y.I.K.; J.Y.R.).

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

*Article*
