*Communication* **Histopathological Features of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Honeybees Naturally Infected by Deformed Wing Virus**

**Karen Power \*, Manuela Martano, Gennaro Altamura, Nadia Piscopo and Paola Maiolino**

Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; manuela.martano@unina.it (M.M.); gennaro.altamura@unina.it (G.A.); nadia.piscopo@unina.it (N.P.); paola.maiolino@unina.it (P.M.)

**\*** Correspondence: karen.power@unina.it

**Abstract:** Deformed wing virus (DWV) is capable of infecting honeybees at every stage of development causing symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. To date, very little is known about the histopathological lesions caused by the virus. Therefore, 40 honeybee samples were randomly collected from a naturally DWV infected hive and subjected to anatomopathological examination to discriminate between symptomatic (29) and asymptomatic (11) honeybees. Subsequently, 15 honeybee samples were frozen at −80◦ and analyzed by PCR and RTqPCR to determinate the presence/absence of the virus and the relative viral load, while 25 honeybee samples were analyzed by histopathological techniques. Biomolecular results showed a fragment of the expected size (69bp) of DWV in all samples and the viral load was higher in symptomatic honeybees compared to the asymptomatic group. Histopathological results showed degenerative alterations of the hypopharyngeal glands (19/25) and flight muscles (6/25) in symptomatic samples while 4/25 asymptomatic samples showed an inflammatory response in the midgut and the hemocele. Results suggest a possible pathogenic action of DWV in both symptomatic and asymptomatic honeybees, and a role of the immune response in keeping under control the virus in asymptomatic individuals.

**Keywords:** deformed wing virus; hypopharyngeal glands; flight muscles; honeybee immunity; honeybee pathology
