**5. Conclusions**

Real-time, long-term monitoring of road infrastructures has a crucial role in pavement management systems. The assessment of the actual pavement health conditions enables us to plan appropriate and efficient maintenance actions leading to the improvement of road safety and the extension of their service lives.

This paper is a review of the most used sensing technologies for road pavement instrumentation, as well as the most significant instrumented sections and data interpretation frameworks. Several studies were analyzed and commented on. It emerged that the sensing technologies usually deployed in instrumentation projects were compatible with asphalt materials and could provide very accurate measurements. However, the sensor loss rate is still high, especially during construction process. This points to a lack of experience with respect to sensor robustness, as well as maintenance operations to take once these devices are embedded in the road pavement. The importance in developing a strategy for data interpretation has been proved. Finally, some future trends with regards to the development of lower cost and more asphalt-compatible solutions for long-term monitoring were presented.

**Author Contributions:** Writing—original draft preparation, M.B.; writing—review and editing, S.P., B.L., and J.V.R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme under the Marie Curie-Sklodowska Actions for research, technological development, and demonstration, grant n. 721493.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
