**2. How Archaeometry Works for Sustainability**

Archaeometry inheres two roles and needs reformations towards sustainability and development: the indirect (related to intangible culture) and the direct (tangible) [21]. That is a revisit of existing monuments and artifacts with new methods and techniques from physical sciences (Figure 2).

**Figure 2.** Some monuments and artifacts studied by archaeological sciences methods.

This requires proper implementation of cultural politics accompanied by strategies, to fulfill the provisions of Article 5 of the London Charter: "*Strategies should be planned and implemented to ensure the long-term sustainability of cultural heritage-related computer-based visualization outcomes and documentation, in order to avoid loss of this growing part of human intellectual, social, economic and cultural heritage*".

Several questionnaires to the public regarding attractive presentation of museum exhibits and cultural monuments, point to the urgent need for new technologies to show up archaeological and archaeometrical data. For example, comparing the user response before and after virtual reality (VR) demo, there is a clear sign of increased level of interest and cultural heritage awareness with increase in likelihood that the user would tell others about the sites after viewing the VR demo [22,23].

The means of reforming are:

(A) Applied informatics, geoinformatics (computer-human interaction, IT, computer sciences, geographical information systems (GIS) [24].

(B) Documentation of museum objects [25,26].

(C) Management of archaeological sites and museum tasks concerning cultural heritage (improve in quality, accessibility, reclaiming of digital content) [27–29].

(D) Multimedia technologies, digital reconstructions, simulation of artifacts and monuments, and 3D VR. Combining never-before-published aerial and remote sensing photography and high-definition, 3D computer reconstructions with clear, informative descriptions of the various sites, innovative descriptions of the various terrestrial or underwater sites. These ways use the latest scientific and archaeological tools to visualize the wonder of the past [30–35].

(E) Discovering new buried monuments, making cultural parks, and developing cultural tourism [36,37].

(F) Exhibition, dissemination, pedagogy fostering of archaeometrical results, made popular to the society via digital means [38,39].

The development targets derived thereof are on:


The "tourism" has a multidimensional face and "cultural tourism" is a vital component, as each country has a cultural rooting which fits as cornerstone in the global cultural unity (Figure 3). Using techniques borrowed from the entertainment industry, more and more archaeologists are boosting their imaginations and insights with virtual worlds.

**Figure 3.** The multi-faceted tourism.

With combined new technologies, in museums, archaeological sites and parks, and reanimating their seemingly "dead" nature, it adds getting closer to the interest of layman, professional and trade market (visitors, scientists, students, stakeholders).

Some selective major archaeometrical case studies with respective economic impact are described below.
