**2. Overview of Ion Accelerators at WERC**

Figure 1 shows the layout of two ion sources, the tandem accelerator, the synchrotron, the ion-implanter, and their beam transport lines at WERC [1,2]. The tandem accelerator is interfaced to the synchrotron, and used as an injector for the synchrotron. The synchrotron can accelerate protons up to 200 MeV. Such a high energy proton beam has been used mainly for the study of SEE on space electronic devices at irradiation room 4. The tandem accelerator has also been used independently to accelerate protons up to 10 MeV. This

medium energy proton beam has been used for the study of TID and DDD on image sensors at irradiation room 2. The ion-implanter provides 10 to 200 keV ions with high beam current. This low energy and intense beam has been used for research of DDD on solar cells at irradiation room 1. The detailed specification of each accelerator will be explained in the following subsections. MeV. This medium energy proton beam has been used for the study of TID and DDD on image sensors at irradiation room 2. The ion-implanter provides 10 to 200 keV ions with high beam current. This low energy and intense beam has been used for research of DDD on solar cells at irradiation room 1. The detailed specification of each accelerator will be explained in the following subsections.

been used mainly for the study of SEE on space electronic devices at irradiation room 4. The tandem accelerator has also been used independently to accelerate protons up to 10

*Quantum Beam Sci.* **2021**, *5*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 18

**Figure 1.** Layout of two ion sources, the tandem accelerator, the synchrotron, the ion-implanter, and their beam transport lines at WERC [1,2]. **Figure 1.** Layout of two ion sources, the tandem accelerator, the synchrotron, the ion-implanter, and their beam transport lines at WERC [1,2].
