2.3.1. Hue

The sound sources for the CLASSIC SCC set are solo performances by each chosen instrument that well express the characteristics and performant aspects of the instruments. Musical instruments expressing each color are thus classified and designated to make the colors easily distinguishable from one another. We chose the following instruments to represent the colors (hues) in the CLASSIC SCC.

Red, a warm color that gives a feeling of hot temperature, is a violin that plays a passionate and strong melody. A trumpet plays a melody in the high-frequency range with energy, as if bright light were expanding, to represent yellow. Orange is a viola playing a warm ye<sup>t</sup> energetic melody. Green, which makes the eyes feel comfortable and psychologically stable, is a fresh tonal oboe that plays a soft melody. Blue, a cold color, is a cello that plays a low ye<sup>t</sup> calm melody. Purple, a combination of warm red and cold blue, is a pipe organ that plays a splendid ye<sup>t</sup> solemn melody.

### 2.3.2. Value and Chroma

In the tactile color pattern CELESTIAL [6], the light red pattern consists of three dots, the medium bright one consists of two dots, and the dark one consists of one dot. The light is symbolized as dots, and the more dots there are, the brighter it is. In a similar way, beat-heavy rhythms in SCC have brighter (i.e., higher value) colors. In addition, "saturated" conveys visual glare and a feeling of being close to me with an intense and clear melody in mid-tone. "Light" uses relatively high and fast notes to convey a light particle feel. "Dark" conveys the feeling of separation. Table 4 shows CLASSIC SCC V1 containing with wav sound source for each color.

### *2.4. Creating Artwork Music Using CLASSIC SCC V2*

CLASSIC SCC V2 (Table 5), a modified version of CLASSIC SCC V1 (Table 4), was used to create music that expresses the composition of the overall color of the work. Thus, each color in the artwork is converted into sound, and then the converted sounds are combined into one piece of music.



To listen to a wav file marked with (In Supplementary Materials), left-click the wav audio file and drag it to the computer screen; then right-click to enter the program menu and launch Windows Media Player.

Since the classic music used is di fferent for each sound coding color, the composition will be di fferent. Thus, to combine each sound coding color into one piece of music, it is necessary to unify the composition. The composition of all colors is unified with the key of F. F is suitable for the ranges of the instruments used. The cello's two bars are in the same time as the oboe's and the trumpet's single bar. Thus, the tempo was adjusted as follows. Trumpet (yellow) and oboe (green) were allegro with tempos of 120 to 140 bpm, and adjusted to 78 bpm. The cello (blue) had a tempo between 150 and 170 bpm, and was adjusted to 156 bpm, which is twice as much as 78 bpm.

Rather than reproducing each piece of music in a row, it takes a characteristic melody from the sound code and makes them harmonize to form the music, so that color information and artistry can be saved at the same time. The sound strength (velocity) was adjusted to 120 for "saturated" and 50 for both "light" and "dark" so that they could be clearly distinguished.

For example, for Gogh's starry night, a blue cello plays the bass and continues to play, and a yellow trumpet and a green oboe play the upper notes for the main melody.

Artwork music provides information about the approximate color placement and arrangemen<sup>t</sup> throughout a work of art before it separately detects the color of each local image within the piece. To provide sounds that correspond to the positions of colors on an image, each piece of artwork is divided into three or four tracks, and the color flow within each track is expressed as a continuous sound code. It is very important to identify the position of color on an image to form a standardized shape with a track of the same height. As shown in Table 6, we used the CLASSIC SCC to produce sheet music for Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night. We decomposed the artwork space into four tracks (rows) of equal height, analyzed the prominent color characteristics of each part, converted them using the SCC set, and recombined them into music with a total length of 3 min and 29 s.

The first track in Table 6 has a star in the blue sky and the moon on the far right. Thus, the cello (blue) plays a bass line, and the trumpet (yellow) and oboe (green) play the main melody. To combine each SCC into a single piece of music, consistency of composition is necessary. The composition of all colors was consistent in the key of F, and the tempo was set to 80/40 bpm. Yellow and green were adjusted to allegro, with a tempo of 120 to 140 bpm. The cello (blue) was set to vivace, between 150 and 170 bpm. All the sounds are consistent with a 4/4 beat.

As shown in Table 6, we used five colors: saturated and dark blue, saturated and bright yellow, and dark green. Thus, the blue night sky on the top track is played by the cello; the bright yellow stars and the moon are played on trumpets; and the dark green cypress tree visible vertically in the second to fourth tracks is played on oboes. As blue, green, and yellow are brought together, a feast of colors unfolds in the form of low and high notes combined to create beautiful music. The wind wriggling in the night sky is a cello with the shining stars in between. The soft glow that follows the wind is a trumpet, and the tranquil village in the bottom track uses a cello and an oboe to create the melodies given to each instrument. Accordingly, the blue color that dominates the overall hue of the picture appears as a cello that plays the bass of the entire song, and while moving the gaze to the right, as if reading a sheet of music from the top left; the visual feeling conveyed by each element that catches the eye is conveyed by the trumpet and oboe. You can feel it aurally through the melody shared between two instruments. A cymbal sounds at the end of every track to indicate which track is playing. This method not only allows the listener to analyze the individual elements that make up a piece of artwork, but also exhibits the completeness of the piece of art as a combination of various visual elements. It is significant in that it allows the overall feeling of a piece of artwork to be conveyed intuitively while retaining the image.

**Table 6.** Music composition with CLASSIC SCC for Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night, 1889 (Museum of Modern Art, New York).


To listen to a wav file marked with (In Supplementary Materials), left-click the wav audio file and drag it to the computer screen; then right-click to enter the program menu and launch Windows Media Player.
