*4.4. Information Preparation*

In addition to types of information supported to improve image accessibility (*RQ3*), we have found that most studies have not specified how the visual information is collected or created (see Table 3). This suggests that the aim of many of these studies is "delivering" visual information that is inaccessible to BLV as is while assuming that the information is given rather than "retrieving" the information. Meanwhile, close to one-third of the studies seem to manually create the data they need to provide (*N* = 9) or use metadata such as alternative text (alt text) or textual descriptions that are paired with the images (*N* = 4). Others relied on automatic approaches to extract visual information of images: image processing, optical character recognition (OCR), and computer vision (*N* = 5). Meanwhile, two papers proposed a system where the image descriptions are provided by crowdworkers.


**Table 3.** Data preparation/collection methods for providing image-related information.
