**4. Conclusions**

A 1 kW-rated 8-cell stack of 900 cm2 cell active area vanadium redox flow battery has been investigated to serve as electrical energy storage system in a conceptually integrated PV-battery-residential load system intended to run as a stand-alone system. A series of seven-day profile runs of battery power have been made to simulate different energy storage and power delivery capacities. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study:


The present analysis does not include transmission and distribution losses and consideration of these may increase about 10% power and energy storage requirements. In summary, it can be concluded that the ability to design a VRFB with a high ratio of powerto-energy makes it particularly attractive for PV-load integration.

**Author Contributions:** P.P.: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, visualization, writing—original draft. R.G.: conceptualization, methodology, visualization, data curation. S.J.: conceptualization, data curation, validation, writing—review and editing, supervision, funding acquisition. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by grants from MHRD (Grant reference no. F.NO.41-2/2015-T.S.-I (Pt.)) and DST-Solar Energy Harnessing Centre (Grant reference no. DST/TMD/SERI/HUB/1(C)), both from the Government of India.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** Financial supports from the Ministry of Human Resource Department and Department of Science and Technology, both from the Government of India, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the load data made available by eMARC, Prayas Energy group for case studies and analysis performed in the present work.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **References**

