*3.2. Determination of Water and Salt Transport Coefficients*

As mentioned in Section 2.2 the values of water and salt transport coefficients can be determined by plotting 1/*φ* <sup>2</sup> against *TC*p. In the study of Sundaramoorthy et al. a single value of these parameters (*A*<sup>w</sup> and *B*S) is found to be sufficient for all the temperatures used when considering the removal of chlorophenol [30,31]. However, for the desalination of seawater, it is shown in Figure 3 that a separate linear fitting is required for each temperature, each giving different values of *A*<sup>w</sup> and *B*S.

**Figure 3.** Plot of the 1/*φ* <sup>2</sup> against *TC<sup>p</sup>* with linear fitting against the data of Avlonitis et al. [29] using the calculated value of *b* from Table 2.

The data of Mane et al. is used for the fitting of *A<sup>w</sup>* and *B<sup>S</sup>* for the Saehan module (see Figure 4) although this is only a relatively small sample size using 10 out of the 15 data points available. Furthermore, this data set is also measured in a relatively narrow range of conditions including feed flow rates of 2.27 to 4 m<sup>3</sup> day−<sup>1</sup> and salt rejection in the very narrow range of 99.6 to 99.7 % [23]. This is perhaps due to the study of Mane et al. focusing on boron recovery at different conditions [23]. Despite these limited data, it is still possible to estimate the values of water and salt coefficients with fitted values given in Table 2.

**Figure 4.** Plot of the 1/*φ* <sup>2</sup> against *TC*<sup>p</sup> with linear fitting against the data of Mane et al. [23] using the calculated value of *b* from Table 2.
