*Article* **Effects on Crop Development, Yields and Chemical Composition of Celeriac (***Apium graveolens* **L.** *var. rapaceum***) Cultivated Underneath an Agrivoltaic System**

**Axel Weselek 1,\* , Andrea Bauerle <sup>2</sup> , Sabine Zikeli <sup>3</sup> , Iris Lewandowski <sup>2</sup> and Petra Högy <sup>1</sup>**


**Citation:** Weselek, A.; Bauerle, A.; Zikeli, S.; Lewandowski, I.; Högy, P. Effects on Crop Development, Yields and Chemical Composition of Celeriac (*Apium graveolens* L. *var. rapaceum*) Cultivated Underneath an Agrivoltaic System. *Agronomy* **2021**, *11*, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy11040733

Academic Editors: Miguel-Ángel Muñoz-García and Luis Hernández-Callejo

Received: 3 March 2021 Accepted: 7 April 2021 Published: 10 April 2021

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**Abstract:** Agrivoltaic (AV) systems increase land productivity through the combined production of renewable energy and food. Although several studies have addressed their impact on crop production, many aspects remain unexplored. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of AV on the cultivation of celeriac, a common root vegetable in Central Europe. Celeriac was cultivated in 2017 and 2018 as part of an organically managed on-farm experiment, both underneath an AV system and in full-sun conditions. Under AV, photosynthetic active radiation was reduced by about 30%. Monitoring of crop development showed that in both years, plant height increased significantly under AV. Fresh bulb yield decreased by about 19% in 2017 and increased by about 12% in 2018 in AV, but the changes were not significant. Aboveground biomass increased in both years under AV, but only increased significantly in 2018. As aboveground biomass is a determinant of root biomass at harvest in root vegetables, bulb yields may be further increased by a prolonged vegetation period under AV. Compound analysis of celeriac bulbs did not show any clear effects from treatment. As harvestable yields were not significantly reduced, we concluded that celeriac can be considered a suitable crop for cultivation under AV.

**Keywords:** agrivoltaic; agrophotovoltaic; Agri-PV; shading; crop performance; yields; product quality; organic agriculture; biodynamic agriculture; land productivity
