**5. Conclusions**

The research deepened the debate on sustainable development by relating the Quintuple Helix Innovation Model (QHIM) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The literature review identified knowledge gaps in the implementation of the SDGs. For this reason, the study proposed 20 indicators related to the QHIM through a case analysis in Latin American countries to respond to the identified gaps. The study also applied a Fuzzy Logic algorithm to identify forgotten effects that may affect the SDGs' achievement, confirming the case study's findings. The results revealed the importance of correctly identifying cause-effects by seeking harmony between systems.

As theoretical contributions, the research advanced the frontier of knowledge by reducing the identified gaps, and at the same time, contributes to sustainable development with the proposed models. As practical contributions, the applied study offers governments, society, academia, and companies solutions adjusted to the problems identified, such as the lack of integration and systemic vision to achieve SDGs. Also, the research involved the participation of stakeholders in decision making.

Therefore, the present study is novel and useful for various stakeholders. A limitation of the research may be the number of variables used. Finally, the study results indicate promising research lines on sustainable development and decision making in uncertain environments applied to other countries. The study also opens up new research opportunities in prioritization models that facilitate decision-making.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, L.B.-P. and I.D.l.V.; methodology, L.B.-P. and A.M.G.-L.; software, A.M.G.-L.; validation, L.B.-P., I.D.l.V., and A.M.G.-L.; formal analysis, I.D.l.V.; investigation, L.B.-P., and I.D.l.V.; resources, L.B.-P. and A.M.G.-L.; writing—original draft preparation, L.B.-P.; writing—review and editing, L.B.-P. and I.D.l.V.; supervision, A.M.G.-L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors wish to thank The Royal Academy of Economic and Financial Sciences and the University of Barcelona from Spain, and CENTRUM Católica Graduate Business School, Peru.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
