*2.2. Total Protein and Endotoxin Contents Determination in BaV and Kn-Ba*

For THP-1 macrophage treatments, stimuli stock solutions were prepared at a concentration of 5 mg/mL (BaV) and 26 μg/mL (Kn-Ba) in sterile PBS, pH 7.2. The determined endotoxin concentrations were <0.1 UE/μg in both samples, which can be considered as an acceptable endotoxin level [34].

#### *2.3. Effects of BaV and Kn-Ba on THP-1 Macrophage Viabilities*

To evaluate the cytotoxic effects caused by treatments with BaV and Kn-Ba, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture supernatants was evaluated. After the incubation with 0.5–15 μg of BaV and 0.5–1 μg of Kn-Ba for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, cell viability was greater than 90% (Supplementary Figure S2).
