*Article* **Anti-Infective and Antiviral Activity of Valinomycin and Its Analogues from a Sea Cucumber-Associated Bacterium,** *Streptomyces* **sp. SV 21**

**Joko T. Wibowo 1,2,\*, Matthias Y. Kellermann 1, Matthias Köck 3, Masteria Y. Putra 2, Tutik Murniasih 2, Kathrin I. Mohr 4, Joachim Wink 4, Dimas F. Praditya 2,5,6, Eike Steinmann 5,6 and Peter J. Schupp 1,7,\***


**Abstract:** The manuscript investigated the isolation, characterization and anti-infective potential of valinomycin (**3**), streptodepsipeptide P11A (**2**), streptodepsipeptide P11B (**1**), and one novel valinomycin analogue, streptodepsipeptide SV21 (**4**), which were all produced by the Gram-positive strain *Streptomyces cavourensis* SV 21. Although the exact molecular weight and major molecular fragments were recently reported for compound **4**, its structure elucidation was not based on compound isolation and spectroscopic techniques. We successfully isolated and elucidated the structure based on the MS2 fragmentation pathways as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectra and found that the previously reported structure of compound **4** differs from our analysis. Our findings showed the importance of isolation and structure elucidation of bacterial compounds in the era of fast omics technologies. The here performed anti-infective assays showed moderate to potent activity against fungi, multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and infectivity of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). While compounds **2**, **3** and **4** revealed potent antiviral activity, the observed minor cytotoxicity needs further investigation. Furthermore, the here performed anti-infective assays disclosed that the symmetry of the valinomycin molecule is most important for its bioactivity, a fact that has not been reported so far.

**Keywords:** cyclodepsipeptides; marine Actinobacteria; *Streptomyces* spp.; antibiotic; sea cucumber; HCV
