*2.9. Dynamic Contact Angle Analysis*

Hydrophobicity was determined by a dynamic contact angle technique on a Dyne Technology ThetaLite optical tensiometer (Dyne Testing Ltd., Lichfield, UK) located in the Science City Lab at the School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham. Deionised water was used as a liquid medium to perform the contact angle measurements. The measurements were performed by recording the contact and retraction angles of a 5 μL droplet released on and removed from the studied surface. The recording time of each incident was set to 20 s and the camera recorded 10 frames/s. The droplets were released and then removed at a speed of 5 mL/min. All surfaces were kept in a desiccator prior to measurements and were each measured three times.
