*3.1. Antimicrobial Characterisation*

The MIC values of the peptides KR12, KR12/32, KR12-5911, and KR12/32-5911 against *E. coli*, *P. aeruginosa,* and *S. aureus* are shown in Figure 1 and compared against LL-37 in Table 3. The most effective peptide against *E. coli* was peptide KR12-5911 at 0.5 μM, followed by KR12 at 2 μM, and KR12/32 and KR12/32-5911 at 4 μM. The lowest MIC values against *P. aeruginosa* were observed for peptides KR12 and KR12-5911 at 2 μM, whilst peptides KR12/32 and KR12/32-5911 showed MIC values of 4 μM. For *S. aureus,* the most effective was peptide KR12/32-5911 with an MIC of 2 μM, followed by KR12-5911 and KR12 at 8 μM and KR12/32 at 32 μM. All peptides show similar MIC values against Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the peptides were more effective against Gram-negative bacteria when compared to the Gram-positive bacteria, apart from KR12/32-5911.

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**Figure 1.** Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the designed KR12 analogues.


