**3. Novel Bioelectrochemical System**

Major applications in enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis are biosensors and biofuel cells. Biosensors are utilized as analytical devices for food analyses and clinical diagnoses [6–14], and biofuel cells are ecofriendly energy conversion devices in which the chemical energy of fuels is electrically extracted [11,15–21]. The characteristics, properties, and progress of these devices were previously summarized in the corresponding reviews cited above. Recently, in addition, novel methods for bioelectrocatalytic applications are reported as described below.
