**5. Membrane Protein Modified Electrodes for Bioelectrocatalysis**

The increased demand to produce energy and value-added chemicals from cheap and environmentally friendly renewable resources has driven the recent advances in bioelectrocatalysis research towards the development of alternative systems. The applications of bioelectrocatalysis range from biosensors, energy conversion devices and bioelectrosynthesis [153–156]. The majority of the studies employ soluble proteins; however, some membrane proteins with suitable catalytic or electron transfer properties also find applications in bioelectrocatalysis. Some of them show advantages over soluble proteins or have unique functions. Here, we will discuss the membrane protein electrode applications in the field of bioelectrocatalysis.
