*2.3. Data Analysis*

The di fference of forager abundance and colony weight of bees between habitat types was analyzed using a Kruskal–Wallis test. If we found significant di fferences, a post-hoc test was done using Fisher's least-significant di fference with α = 0.05. To analyze the relationship between forager abundance as well as colony weight of bees and observation time, we analyzed using fitting median-based linear models based on the Theil–Sen single median. All analyses were performed using R statistical software [24] and package "mblm" for fitting median-based linear models [25].
