*2.6. Data Analysis*

The data analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using statistical software package Statistica-StatSoft v.7. (StatSoft, Inc, Tulsa, OK, U.S.A.). The results were presented as the mean values, standard deviations, and standard errors. To assess the statistical di fferences in honeybee colonies' strength (estimated number of honeybees per colony), they were compared between groups and three estimation dates (April/May, July, and September), and the number of fallen *V. destructor* mites between experimental groups (A, B, C, D, E) and control group (O) at di fferent locations and estimation dates, the Kruskal–Wallis test was performed ( α = 0.05). Multisample comparison using Kruskal–Wallis H test was carried out to compare the mean values of the number of fallen *V. destructor* mites between experimental and control groups in the pretreatment, treatment, and after-treatment period.
