*4.1. Catalytic Combustion*

Catalytic combustion has received attention recently, as it shows great potential to address the shortcomings of the incineration method. Catalytic combustion is suitable for waste gas streams with low VOC concentrations and a moderate flow rate. Compared with the incineration method, catalytic combustion has been shown to efficiently remove VOCs from waste streams with a wide range of VOC concentrations. In addition, it operates at a lower temperature (293 versus 673 K) than incineration and resistant to the production of undesirable byproducts, such as dioxins and NO<sup>x</sup> [105]. The diversity of VOC species necessitates the development of different kinds of catalysts for the combustion method, with commonly used catalysts including noble metals, non-noble metal oxides concentrated oxidation catalysts [1,2,41–44].

Previous reviews covering certain aspects of the catalytic combustion of VOCs have been published. For example, K. Everaert et al. reviewed, analyzed, and discussed the reaction kinetics, reactors, and reaction conditions of catalytic combustion research prior to 2004 [41]. Muhammad Shahzad Kamal et al. and Zhixiang Zhang et al. covered the recent progress in the development of combustion catalysts [2,44]. L.F. Liotta and W.B. Li et al. reviewed the mechanism of VOCs catalytic combustion over noble metal catalysts and non-noble metal catalysts, respectively [1,42]. In this section, we will briefly introduce the more recent development of new catalysts materials which have been used in this process, analyze the advantages and disadvantages they provide, and strategies for their successful implementation.
