*3.8. White Pigments*

The white pigment employed throughout the manuscript was identified as lead white. In fact, the micro-Raman spectra of the white particles showed the sharp band at 1049 cm−<sup>1</sup> that characterises this pigment, whereas XRF data resulted in very high lead signals that emerged in most of the XRF spectra collected from the manuscript. This suggests that lead white was used, by itself or mixed with other pigments, as a primer under the illuminations. The most relevant exceptions are the areas painted with gold or mosaic gold, in which very weak signals of lead were detected.
