*2.3. Data Extraction and Efficacy and Safety Outcomes*

The extracted data comprised study information (first author, publication year, clinical trial identifier, study design, and study period), patient characteristics (sample size, age, definition criteria, and AD severity), details of the various JAK inhibitors and placebos used (administration route, dosage, frequency, mode of action, and endpoint), and outcomes (efficacy and safety). Potential conflicts of interest were also listed.

The efficacy outcomes included (1) a ≥ 75% decrease in EASI from baseline (EASI-75 response), (2) an Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) with a ≥ 2-point reduction from baseline (IGA response), and (3) a ≥ 4-point decrease from baseline in pruritus numerical rating scale response (pruritus-NRS response). The safety outcomes included the development of treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) and AEs that lead to drug discontinuation.
