**4. Material and Methods**

#### *4.1. Materials*

Blue mussel (*Mytilus edulis*) was purchased from Yeosu Fisheries Co. (Yeosu, Korea). Calcein AM solution, propidium iodide (PI), 2 7 -dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), H2O2, Hoechst 33342, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Trypsin-EDTA solution and PBS were purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA). The HUVEC (PCS-100-010™) are produced by the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA). Endothelial Growth Medium-2 Bullet Kit (EGM™-2) was produced by Lonza, (Walkersville, MD, USA).
