*4.4. Topoisomerase Inhibitors*

The cytotoxicity of some topoisomerase inhibitor compounds has been shown to be associated with enhanced immunogenicity of dying cells, in part due to the widespread genomic damages [259]. In addition, topoisomerase inhibitors can also improve tumor immunogenicity by upregulating antigen presentation as shown for a variety of melanoma cell lines and gliomas in response to nanomolar levels of DNA intercalating daunorubicin [260]. These immune activating characteristics could be synergistically enhanced by a combination of an oncolytic herpesvirus and adenovirus with mitoxantrone [261] and temozolomide [27,262,263].
