*3.1. Prevent Collisions between Candidate Solutions*

We initialize the parameters → *A* (constant), gravity force ( → *G*), water flow advection in the deep ocean ( → *F*), social force → *M* and the maximum number of iterations:

$$
\stackrel{\rightarrow}{\vec{A}} = \frac{\stackrel{\rightarrow}{G}}{\stackrel{\rightarrow}{\vec{M}}} \tag{4}
$$

$$
\stackrel{\rightarrow}{G} = c\_2 + c\_3 - \stackrel{\rightarrow}{F} \tag{5}
$$

$$
\stackrel{\rightarrow}{F} = \mathbf{2} \times \mathbf{c}\_1 \tag{6}
$$

$$M = \lfloor P\_{\min} + \mathcal{c}\_1 \times P\_{\max} - P\_{\min} \rfloor \tag{7}$$

where, *c*1, *c*2, *c*<sup>3</sup> are random numbers in the range [0,1], and *Pmin* and *Pmax* are considered as 1 and 4, respectively.
