*3.4. Convergence Analysis*

To analyze the computational competence of WOAPSO, the convergence curves of the single-diode model, double-diode model, and PV module is presented in Figure 7. It is depicted that the proposed WOAPSO algorithm outperforms the GSA, SCA, GWO, PSO, WOA, PSOGSA algorithms in terms of convergence speed and generates a precise solution for the identical number of function evaluations (i.e., 50,000).

**Figure 7.** *Cont*.
