*2.1. Types of DGs*

Four types of the DG resources are classified based on their ability to deliver active and reactive powers [42–44]. In the first type, the DG units supply active power only. In Type-2, the DG units provide reactive power only. The DG units in Type 3 inject real and reactive power. The 4th type of DG units injects the active power and consumes reactive power. In this work, the WT model is considered Type-4. The related reactive power to be consumed by these units is obtained by [45].

$$Q\_{DG,i} = \left(0.05 + 0.04P\_{DG,i}^2\right) \tag{1}$$

where *PDG,i* and *QDG,i* are the active and reactive powers of the *DG* unit *i*, respectively.
