**7. Conclusions**

In this paper, a FLDPC scheme based on PVMT for a grid-tied MG's PV-VSI was introduced. The performance of the proposed power controller was validated by conducting real-time simulations using RTDS for two cases varying in both real and reactive power references, and in AC-MGs different operating modes. For case-1, the tracking and steady-state performance of the proposed FLDPC for a grid-tied PV-VSI was validated by changing real and reactive power references. On the other hand, for case-2 the performance of the proposed controller was validated for AC-MG's PV-VSI by varying the solar irradiation and load demand.

For case-1, real-time simulation results show that the proposed FLDPC method was able to track both real and reactive power to their reference powers accurately and quickly. The reference power tracking time required by the proposed FLDPC method for both real and reactive power was only 0.03 s, whereas the conventional PLL-integrated dq CCSbased power controller took 0.23 s, which was 0.20 s slower than the proposed controller. The proposed controller during steady-state also demonstrated outstanding performance as the ripples in the PV-VSI output power significantly reduced, and the THD of VSI output current achieved was 1.59%, which was well below the 5% set by the IEC standard. On the contrary, for a conventional PLL-integrated dq CCS-based power controller, the THD of VSI output current obtained was very high (4.975%) compared with the proposed FLDPC method.

Furthermore, for case-2, in MG application (grid-tied, and islanded operating modes), the proposed FLDPC method of PV-VSI showed an outstanding performance during the variation of solar irradiance and load. From the real-time simulation results, it was observed that during the grid-tied mode the proposed PVMT-based FLDPC method has performed excellently, by maintaining the required power flow between the MG and grid. Finally, a comparative study was conducted to prove the superiority of the proposed FLDPC method, with respect to other grid-tied MG power control methods. It was observed that the proposed FLDPC method outperformed all the other controllers, having a PI-based feedback controller and PLL-based synchronization methods, along with two control loops for parameters such as power ripples, THD and reference power tracking time.

In this work, the performance of the proposed FLDPC method was validated on AC-MG, which was connected to a healthy utility grid. In future, the performance of the FLDPC will also be validated for distorted grid conditions. Furthermore, for the grid re-synchronization process, the performance of the proposed FLDPC method was not validated. This will be conducted in the future.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization and methodology, S.A. (Shameem Ahmad) and M.K.; simulation and validation, S.A. (Shameem Ahmad), U.K.J., S.A. (Suhail Afzal) and A.P.; manuscript writing and editing, S.A. (Shameem Ahmad), S.M., H.M., M.K., S.A. (Suhail Afzal) and T.A.; supervision, S.M. and H.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was financially supported by the Academy of Finland under the project number Profi4/WP2. Some parts of this work were done in the SolarX research project with the financial support provided by the Business Finland with Grant No. 6844/31/2018. The financial support provided through these research projects is highly acknowledged.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data used in this research is enclosed within the manuscript. No external data sources are used in this research.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
