*2.4. Statistical Analyses*

Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were used to investigate demographic characteristics and COVID-related information. Comparisons on these variables by sex (men vs. women) and age range (young, middle, and older adults) were performed using Pearson's χ<sup>2</sup> test and Student's *t* test for independent samples for nominal and continuous demographic variables, respectively.

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the difference in respondents' levels of QoL at the global score of the WHOQOL-BREF, while multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to analyze the differences in levels of QoL at domain scores of the WHOQOL-BREF. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 25) for Windows [34]. In all statistical tests, a *p* value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
