2.2.6. Coping

Coping was measured with the coping questionnaire [44], a 37-item instrument that assesses three coping strategies: problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and meaning-focused coping. Participants respond to items on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). The total score was calculated by summing responses to each item. The Cronbach's α reliability for the sample was 0.84 for problem-focused coping, 0.83 for emotion-focused coping, and 0.87 for meaning-focused coping.
