*3.2. Did Mean Levels of Depression Anxiety and Stress Di*ff*erentially Increase Significantly for those Caring for Children or Older Aging Parents during the Quarantine Period?*

Mean DASS-21 depression, anxiety, and stress scores for parents caring for children, adults caring for older aging parents, and those caring for neither type of dependant are given in the last three panels of results in Table 2. A Groups × Time MANOVA, with three groups (parent to a child, older aging parent, and neither) and two time periods (pre-quarantine and quarantine) yielded a significant Groups × Time interaction (*p* = 0.006). Post-hoc analyses show that increases in depression, anxiety, and stress from pre-quarantine to quarantine were significantly associated with having older aging parents. Post-hoc analyses with Bonferroni adjustment showed participants with older aging parents were found to have significantly elevated Anxiety pre-quarantine (*p* = 0.024) and significantly elevated Anxiety (*p* = 0.038) and Depression (*p* = 0.002) during the quarantine period, with the largest difference relative to parents with children.
