*3.3. Changes in Pain and Pain-Related Outcomes Associated with Lockdown*

Mean scores of all the scales are presented in Table 2, which also displays the frequency of participants who obtained a score less than 0 (indicating an improvement), a score of 0 (no change) or a score greater than 0 (indicating a worsening). As can be seen, most of the participants experienced worsening or no changes in pain and pain-related outcomes. Domains with more people reporting a worsening (and with higher mean scores), around 80%, were distress, sleep and interference of pain in physical activities. On the other hand, the area with a higher proportion of people reporting no changes or even an improvement was "support received from others".

Correlations between each domain (changes in pain and pain-related outcomes) with CPGQ scores, age, duration of pain, labor perceptions and number of people living at home are also displayed in Table 2. There were significant positive correlations between CPGQ-P and CPGQ-D and each pain-related outcome. Pain duration was negatively and significantly correlated with changes in perceived social support (greater duration was related with greater diminution in the support received). Job perceptions were positively and significantly related with all domains except for support received. Age was not correlated with any of the domains. Number of people cohabiting was significantly related to greater distress caused by pain, greater effects on sleep, and increase in perceived social support, although the correlations were of small magnitude.

Regarding the *t*-tests, cohabitating with someone in a situation of dependence, gender and having someone close to you infected by coronavirus did not have a significant impact on any of the domains. Those who indicated having had someone close to them die due to COVID-19 reported a significantly greater effect of pain on physical activity (mean of 6.1 and 4.95, respectively; *t* = 2.07; *p* = 0.04). Those who were not sure of being infected by COVID-19 had significantly greater trouble sleeping than those who claimed not to have been infected (mean of 5.39 and 4.43, respectively; *t* = −2.26; *p* = 0.02). We could not compare those who reported being infected with those who did not or those who were unsure due to sample size limitations (only 8 participants confirmed that they had been infected).
