*3.2. Psychological Distress*

78.83% of the sample had psychological distress (PD), following the ≥3 cut-off point of the GHQ-12. The overall mean of the 12 items (GHQ-12) was M = 6.16 (SD = 3.76), with a reliability coefficient of the optimal measurement scale of Cronbach's α = 0.910 (Table 2).

**Table 2.** Psychological Distress: General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12.


α-Cronbach = 0.910 Items 1 to 12 rank 1–4.

As shown in Table 2, the items with the highest score are: *Have you felt constantly overwhelmed and stressed?* M = 3.08 (SD = 0.91); *Have you been able to enjoy your normal daily* *activities?* M = 2.92 (SD = 0.89); *Have you been able to concentrate well on what you were doing?* M = 2.86 (SD = 0.80); and *Have your worries made you lose a lot of sleep?* M = 2.82 (SD = 0.99).

On the contrary, the items with a lower valuation have been: *Have you thought that you are a worthless person?* M = 1.68 (SD = 1.01); *Do you feel reasonably happy considering all the circumstances?* M = 2.37 (SD = 0.85) and *Have you felt capable of making decisions?* M = 2.29 (SD = 0.80).
