*3.3. The Mediation Role of Mental Health and Vitality on the Relationship between Perceived Control over Time and Fear of COVID-19*

To test the model in which mental health and vitality mediate the relationship between perceived control over time and fear of COVID-19, a parallel mediation analysis using PROCESS model 4 was conducted on data from the whole sample.

Table 2 describes all the direct and indirect effects.


#### **Table 2.** Path coefficients for parallel mediation model.

Note—These are the path coefficients for the parallel mediation model of Hayes process model 4, indirect effects and 95% confidence interval predicting fear of COVID-19 (*n* = 301), SE is standard error, IV: independent variable (perceived control over time), DV: dependent variable (fear of COVID-19), m1 and m2: parallel mediators (mental health and vitality); a1, a2, b1, and b2 are regression coefficients for X1 and X2, respectively; while b1 and b2 are the regression coefficients for m1 and m2, respectively. Boot LL-CI and Boot UL-CI are abbreviations for the lower limit bootstrap confidence interval and upper limit bootstrap confidence interval.
