**logit P** = −0.4 + 1.1 × *vaccination*<sup>2019</sup> + 0.65 × *the number of currently taken drugs* − 0.138 × *IADL*

Out of a total of 500 participants, 32 (6.4%) resigned from admission to the Emergency Room due to the sudden deterioration of health (Table 2, question 6). Most of those patients suffered from coronary heart disease (*p* = 0.014, Table S2), COPD (*p* < 0.001, Figure 2A, Table S2) and heart failure (*p* = 0.009, Table S2). Similar to planned hospitalizations, patients did not show up in the Emergency Room after they were recommended by a GP doctor to be vaccinated against influenza and pneumococci (*p* = 0.032, Table S2). Furthermore, patients who take cardiac drugs (*p* = 0.012, Table S2) have difficulties with depression (according to GDS-15 scale, *p* < 0.001, Table S2), anxiety (according to GAS-10 scale, *p* < 0.001, Table S2), social loneliness (according to LSNS-6 scale, *p* < 0.001, Figure 2B, Table S2) and those with malnutrition (according to MNA scale, *p* < 0.001, Figure 2C, Table S2) also resigned to report to the Emergency Room more often compared to physically and mentally healthy patients.

**Table 3.** Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression of the answer to the question regarding canceling planned hospitalization due to the fear of COVID-19 infection in elderly patients and socio-demographic and clinical factors as well as the odds ratio [OR] and its 95% confidence interval [CI] [the most statistically significant (*p*-value < 0.05) predictors of canceling planned hospitalizations in elderly patients].


*b*—linear regression coefficient, β—standardized multiple regression coefficients.

**Figure 2.** (**A**) Number (*n*) and percentage (%) of elderly patients who resigned to report to the Emergency Room due to the fear of COVID-19 infection in groups differing in those suffering from COPD or not; responses to the question regarding the resignation of reporting to the Emergency Room due to the fear of COVID-19 infection in feeling lonely patients (**B**) and patients with malnutrition (**C**) and the results of independent, non-parametric, significance tests.

Based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, we concluded that the main individual predictors of avoiding urgent medical care due to the fear against COVID-19 infection in elderly patients are: the presence of COPD, level of social loneliness (according to LSNS-6 scale), and malnutrition (according to MNA scale) (Figure 2, Table S2). The study showed statistical significance between patients suffering from COPD and healthy participants (OR = 5.77, CI95% [2.16–15.4]). Furthermore, the chance of an affirmative answer to the question regarding the resignation from going to the Emergency Room in elderly patients feeling lonely and/or those with malnutrition was approximately less than one time higher than in the groups of mentally healthy (OR = 0.91, [CI95% [0.84–0.98]) and with proper nutritional status (OR = 0.58, CI95% [0.47–0.71]) patients. Detailed data on analyzing those who avoid medical care, even during life-threatening conditions, due to the fear of COVID-19 infection are presented in Table 4.

**Table 4.** Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression of the answer to the question regarding the resignation of the admission to the Emergency Room due to the fear of COVID-19 infection in elderly patients and socio-demographic and clinical factors as well as the odds ratio [OR] and its 95% confidence interval [CI] [the most statistically significant (*p*-value < 0.05) predictors of avoiding urgent medical care in elderly patients].


*b*—linear regression coefficient, β—standardized multiple regression coefficients.

The generalized logit regression model leading to estimate the probability of affirmative answer to question regarding resignation to report in Emergency Room due to the fear of COVID-19 infection in surveyed elderly patients took the form:
