*2.2. Participants*

Potential participants were contacted through the researchers' social media, massive electronic mailing, and by emailing the survey through a long list of patient and regional chronic pain associations and social media channels. The final sample consisted of 502 people. Inclusion criteria were: (1) adults (aged 18 or older); (2) Spanish residents; (3) persistent or chronic pain (>3 months) reported, with at least two pain episodes per week; and (4) completion of at least 80% of the online survey.
