**1. Introduction**

Currently, we find ourselves with a serious public health problem and in a state of global emergency due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic [1,2]. This virus first appeared in China at the end of 2019 and in just a few weeks had spread to many other countries around the globe [3,4]. It was responsible for a high number of deaths in the first months after its emergence [5]. Spain was in confinement during the first two weeks of the state of alarm. According to the latest data provided by the Ministry of Health [6], on the 15 March, the number of cases reported nationwide amounted to 7753 (2000 new cases in the last 24 h), representing 16.52 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, including 288 deceased and 382 admitted to the intensive care units.

In this sense, citizens around the globe and those governing them were pushed to take quick and efficient action, complying with the instructions given by the relevant health authorities to slow down this pandemic [7]. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to be a risk factor for psychological illness and sleep disorders, reportedly having a significant impact on these constructs [8,9]. Studies, such as the one carried out by Forte, Favieri, Tambelli, and Casagrande [10] revealed that individuals reported levels of general psychopathological symptoms, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms that were higher than the cut-off scores.

Resilience capacity, understood as a set of intrinsic factors that characterizes all individuals and is implicated in the process of overcoming adversity [11,12], takes on great importance in relation to the degree of success that can be achieved by health measures. Resilience capacity is also crucial for the promotion of psychological wellbeing in the population [13,14].

Thus, resilience makes up one of the most important dynamic psychological factors with regard to the protection and adaptability of individuals, being malleable to development and improvement through intervention programs [15,16]. In fact, a large amount of scientific literature, currently available within various populations, deals with resilience in general terms, whether this be with children [17,18], adolescents [19], or other populations [20].

In the same way, this skill is currently a hot topic of study in health workers and those working in emergency services because of the arduous work they perform and the stress it entails [21–25]. Studies carried out with patients with different pathologies at different stages of the disease process are also highly relevant, especially those conducted with oncology patients [26–28]. In this way, patients who present lower resilience show greater problems in relation to emotional regulation and, as a consequence, higher levels of stress and anxiety. Such findings were stated by Vaughan et al. [29]

Likewise, research is found that relates resilience with socio-demographic, religious [30], personal, and family factors, in addition to academic performance [31]. It must also be stated that various opinions exist with respect to the resilience capacity and its relationship with gender [32], with studies also emerging within transgender groups [33,34].

Thus, the importance of the resilience capacity to human behavior is clear. As a result of this, confinement and the limitation of movement as a result of the global state of health emergency in which Spain is embroiled, presents a type of adversity to be overcome by the whole population. In this way, there is a need to identify the levels of resilience in the population during this time of crisis. Based on the scarcity of studies tackling the topic of COVID-19 and its relationship with the way in which adversity is tackled and overcome, the present study was proposed with the following objectives: (1) describe the levels of resilience in the Spanish population during the pandemic, and (2) analyze the existing associations between high resilience and socio-demographic, work, and academic parameters.
