*2.3. Measures*

Based on the obtained results, independent predictors affecting the life activities and delivery of healthcare services in elderly patients during the COVID-19 pandemic were determined using logit models. Data related to elderly health conditions were collected based on specified and validated scales such as (1) Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL), (2) the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL), (3) Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), (4) geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), (5) Gastric Anxiety Scale (GAS-10), (6) Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6), (7) social loneliness scale (Gierveld Scale) and (8) Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) (Table 1). Furthermore, we distinguished patients who refused planned hospitalizations and/or resigned from admission to the Emergency Room due to a sudden deterioration of health because of the fear of COVID-19 infection. Finally, we presented groups of people who had difficulties with wearing masks and/or gloves during the COVID-19 pandemic.
