3.3.1. Dependent Variable

The Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) was used to measure the burnout. This questionnaire was validated by Maslach and Jackson and the final version was published in 1986. A validated and translated version of the original was used, which has already been used in numerous studies in Spain with positive results [60,100–107]. This is a 22-item questionnaire with 7 answer options (Likert scale from 0 to 6) which comprehends the following subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), understood as the subject's feeling of being emotionally saturated by work; depersonalization (DP), which implies a cold and impersonal response to patients; and personal accomplishment (PA), which encompasses feelings of competence and efficiency at work. With respect to emotional exhaustion, the scores of the different levels are as follows: 0–18 for the low level, 19–26 for the medium level, and 27–54 for the high level. In relation to depersonalization, the low-level ranges from 0–5, the medium level from 6–9, and the high level from 10–30. Finally, regarding personal accomplishment, the scale attributes a low level when values between 0–33 are registered, a medium level when they are between 34–39, and a high level when values between 40–56 are obtained.

In each of the three dimensions, the dependent variable has been established as dichotomous, differentiating between low and medium/high risk. For this purpose, the reference values in each of the subscales were followed to categorize the dependent variable. The medium–high risk in each of the subscales is as follows: emotional exhaustion: 16–54, depersonalization: 6–30 and professional accomplishment: 34–56.
