**6. Conclusions**

After studying the nature and environmental conditions of the study area, a hydroseeding experiment was introduced and carried out on the high-risk, steep slope within the study location to control and prevent potential landslides. Four seed samples were separately hydroseeded, and their success rate was compared in relation to the soil condition of the study area. The vegetation was tested under four different rainfall intensities. The result showed that couch (G4) has the least average surface runoff of 4.85 mm. It also has the fastest estimated germination rate of 92% in 3 days and showed densely populated, strong stemmed vegetation cover, with a tall height and a deep, long shallow taproot system. It showed the most reliable and most effective for landslide control in the study area, followed by G3 with a value of 5.89 mm, and an estimated 88% germination rate on day nine, with thick, stemmed solid vegetation ground cover and also has the tallest vegetation height, as well as a deep-rooted taproot system. G2 has an average surface runoff of 7.01 mm with an estimated 84% germination rate on day fifteen, with creeping and sparsely populated vegetation cover, short vegetation height, and an extensive fibrous root system. More so, G1, with the highest average runoff value of 7.43 mm, germinated on day 17, with an estimated 92% germination rate. It showed similar results and characteristics to G2 with a creeping and sparsely distributed vegetation cover and short vegetation height with fibrous, thick, and thinner lateral root branches. Based on the results of this investigation, couch vegetation offers the best landslide control benefits to that of signal grass, rye corn, and ryegrass vegetation. The findings sugges<sup>t</sup> that the selection of the couch species over other species is justified based on landslide control benefits.

Further studies are recommended to use different satellite sensors for landslides susceptibility mapping of the study area. Moreover, other types of slope seeds should be experimented with. Ryegrass and rye corn developed poorly under the soil and climatic condition of this study area. They could also thrive well under improved soil and favorable climate conditions.

**Author Contributions:** O.J.E. performed the experiments and data acquisition; O.J.E. wrote the manuscript, discussion, and analyzed the data. H.N. and Z.K. supervised; B.K. and O.S.S. edited, restructured, and optimized the manuscript professionally. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The research is supported by the Universiti Putra Malaysia.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Available on request.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to thank the Universiti Putra Malaysia for providing all facilities during this research. We are also thankful to RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Japan.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
