4.1.6. The Items for the Construct on Characters of Citizens (IV 5)

Along with the people's responsibility for developing a citizen-centric city, people's attitudes were equally crucial to the study. Here, the researchers summarized the relevant themes and resources and synthesized the items that fit this study in Table 7.


**Table 7.** Items for the "characters of citizens" (source: authors).

The first attitude that citizens should possess is the active care of each other, such as neighbors and communities. Furthermore, citizens should pay attention and be sensitive to the programs occurring in the city and the surrounding environment. Citizens should be independent when problem-solving instead of merely relying on governmental resources. Being educated in colleges or universities would also allow for meaningful involvement. Finally, ideal citizens in smart cities should have an attitude that reflects an interest in public life, public values, and acting quickly against the disruptions in community life.
