**3. Conclusions**

In this horizon scan, we have demonstrated how subscribing to a more-than-human sensibility recognises the intricate ways in which human and nonhuman existences are entangled in urban space. This sensibility is premised on the notions of 'becoming'/ 'worlding' [13,103,124], which are established concepts within process philosophy. Furthermore, the process of becoming lends itself to novel approaches to design and planning practices that can bring about the transformational reform work needed to bring about genuine urban sustainability [125].

While the scope of this review is sadly not sufficient to present a fully formed framework, Figure 1 shows a nascent sketch of the emerging agenda towards a more-than-human approach to smart and sustainable urban development based on the review conducted above. The core component of this framework that now requires further collaborative work is the spatial planning body of knowledge and practices and the associated toolkit. We suggest that this joint effort could be unpacked and broken down further into three types of inquiries, each of which has already received some attention from both researchers and practitioners as follows: (1) more-than-human engagement [75,93], (2) more-than-human spatial planning practice [28,32], and (3) more-than-human governance and policy [126,127].

This succinct yet cogent horizon scan across the urban studies domain has reviewed emerging scholarships from diverse disciplines including critical feminism, geography, and STS, which question human exceptionalism. Scholars are calling for research agendas to consider novel approaches to the discipline of spatial planning from a more-than-human perspective [32,128].

How should spatial planners and urban designers respond to provocations that cities are to become more-than-human? In addition, how are such provocations different, or similar, to pressing agendas such as calls to rewild cities [100,106,129,130] and invest in nature-based solutions to counteract anthropogenic climate change?

To address this gap in knowledge identified by this review, further work is urgently needed to develop taxonomies of theoretical constructs and case studies of emerging practices to indicate what such a more-than-human spatial planning framework to guide smart and sustainable urban development and support multispecies justice could entail and how it could be adopted by industry and government. Enacting a more-than-human spatial planning framework would expedite and even leapfrog our transition towards not only more nuanced understandings but actual implementations and deployments of sustainable and smart cities, which are stated objectives in the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda of the United Nations.

**Figure 1.** A nascent sketch of the emerging framework towards a more-than-human approach to smart and sustainable urban development.

**Figure 1.** A nascent sketch of the emerging framework towards a more-than-human approach to smart and sustainable urban development. This succinct yet cogent horizon scan across the urban studies domain has reviewed **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, W.F., M.F. and G.A.C.; formal analysis, W.F., M.F. and G.A.C.; funding acquisition, M.F.; investigation, W.F.; methodology, W.F.; project administration, W.F.; resources, M.F.; supervision, M.F. and G.A.C.; writing—original draft, W.F.; writing—review and editing, M.F. and G.A.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

emerging scholarships from diverse disciplines including critical feminism, geography, and STS, which question human exceptionalism. Scholars are calling for research agendas **Funding:** This research received no external funding.

to consider novel approaches to the discipline of spatial planning from a more-than-hu-**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

man perspective [32,128]. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

How should spatial planners and urban designers respond to provocations that cities are to become more-than-human? In addition, how are such provocations different, or similar, to pressing agendas such as calls to rewild cities [100,106,129,130] and invest in nature-based solutions to counteract anthropogenic climate change? To address this gap in knowledge identified by this review, further work is urgently **Acknowledgments:** We dedicate this article to our colleague, collaborator, and friend Walter Fieuw who sadly passed away in January 2021. Walter was a brilliant mind and a passionate advocate for genuinely sustainable cities and designing for multispecies justice. We are grateful for Walter's thought leadership, initiative, and research work. This article represents an edited version of Walter's writings for his PhD studies at QUT just before his passing.

smart and sustainable urban development and support multispecies justice could entail

needed to develop taxonomies of theoretical constructs and case studies of emerging practices to indicate what such a more-than-human spatial planning framework to guide **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
