**2. Materials and Methods**

A spatial and temporal data analysis, including a spatial autocorrelation analysis, a cluster and outlier analysis and a hotspot/coldspot analysis, upon a geographic information system (GIS), were applied to identify the distribution pattern of older population and NORCs on the basis of geographical boundary and census characteristics in Australia. The census statistics of the residential areas of the households with different characteristics can reflect the geographical patterns that naturally form with the development of time.
