*4.2. Verification by Practitioners*

Once the six constructs and 49 items were derived from the literature, further verification of the feasibility was conducted by practitioners. The authors confirmed that the six constructs were deemed appropriate to explain a citizen-centric smart city model. However, the exact items needed some modifications, such as including the appropriate usage of words, sentences, and examples to guide respondents in answering the questionnaire with more accuracy [94]. In total, two of the original items were removed, and a total of 47 items were applied in the conceptual framework for future use in the instrument (Appendix **??**). The details of the items adjusted through the practitioners' verifications are presented in Appendix **??**.
