**2. A Horizon Scan of More-than-Human Approaches to Smart and Sustainable Urban Development**

This review is not a conventional systematic literature review that uses a replicable and rigid search algorithm to perform a meticulous appraisal of all primary sources on a given research question over a longer time period. The specific literature relating to more-than-human approaches to smart and sustainable urban development that we want to capture for this review is far too recent, fast paced, and interdisciplinary to be adequately captured by the rigid and limiting methodology of a systematic literature review. Instead, in this review, we conduct a specific type of literature review called a horizon scan [7–10] in order to identify research work and studies of relevance, with the aim of contributing to emerging debates in the fields of urban planning and development about trends, gaps, opportunities, and implications. For this review, horizon scanning is a useful method, because it allows us to capture a diversity of recent research publications at an early stage of their development, and the resultant list of references offers a rich collection of publications for the reader to draw upon for follow-up reading and to form interdisciplinary connections, which, in itself, is a contribution of this study.

Our search method employs a broad horizon scan of relevant and recent papers. We used databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and Google Scholar. In addition to the urban studies literature, we also purposefully included papers from

other disciplines such as STS, sociology, cultural studies, human geography, environmental humanities, and policy. This enabled us to establish a transdisciplinary perspective.

We position this horizon scan at the intersection of spatial planning and more-thanhuman theory. After providing contextual background to cities in the age of the Capitalocene (Section 2.1) and the responding emergence of sustainable smart cities (Section 2.2), the origins of the more-than-human sensibility is reviewed as considered in the social sciences and environmental humanities (Section 2.3). The purpose, here, is to provide definitional clarity and differentiation from other perspectives on human–environment interactions. In the final part of the review (Section 2.4), the convergence of domains of studies is presented in a structured form in order to sketch the beginnings of a nascent and emerging framework for more-than-human spatial planning and design that invites other readers to expand and contribute.
