*2.5. Antibiosis Test*

Female adults of aphids were randomly selected from the colony and placed on the leaves of above mentioned CVS. Each aphid was placed inside the leaf cage (5 cm diameter and 1 cm height) to prevent escape or injury by other insects. After 24 h, the adult aphids and all nymphs were removed from the leaf cage, excluding a first-instar nymph. These nymphs were monitored daily to evaluate the survival and developmental time on each CV. After determining developmental time (d), the number of nymphs produced by each female adult was daily recorded and removed from the plant. This experiment performed with 30 aphids for each cultivar in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2 ◦C, 60 ± 5% RH, and 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod. In total, 150 aphids were used in the experiment. This experiment continued as long as developmental time (d), and mortality was also recorded during this period [23]. The intrinsic rate of population increase (r m) for aphids in different CVS were calculated using the following Equation (1) [33]:

$$\text{rm } = \ 0.738 \frac{\text{lnMd}}{\text{d}} \tag{1}$$

In the formula, d is the developmental time (from the nymph' first-stage to the beginning of adult reproduction), Md is nymphs produced per female during the period equal with d, and 0.738 is the correction factor.
