**5. Conclusions**

In this paper, a novel approach to evaluating the macro-economic, micro-economic, and social factors affecting the financial situations of households worldwide was presented. Based on a review of the literature, the study's author identified the common factors affecting consumers' risk of insolvency and proposed that there were four common profiles of consumers' financial risk behaviors.

Moreover, in the present study, the author developed a fuzzy logic model that could be used for forecasting the fluctuations in the number of nonperforming loans in a specific country, using the example of Poland. It is worth highlighting that the forecasting methodology of fuzzy logic that was used was employed in an open application form that allows users to modify the model according to their needs; for example, the model could be used for a different country while taking into account various fluctuations in exchange rates or while adding a new variable that could influence the macro-economic risk of household insolvencies.

This study is one of the first attempts in the literature to forecast this phenomenon from the macro-economic perspective. The main limitation of the research is the prevalence of changes to consumer bankruptcy laws, which have made it impossible to thoroughly analyze the number of bankruptcies, as such data tend to be strongly affected by legal modifications. This limitation presents a complication when attempting to construct forecasts for this phenomenon. The author is going to continue the research towards the use of macro- and micro-economic factors combined into one early warning system. Such system will enable the prediction of not only the effect, namely the risk of bankruptcies of households (in annual terms), but also the reasons affecting the number of bankruptcies of consumers (for example, level of unemployment, exchange rates in the case of borrowers with debts in foreign currencies, etc.).

**Funding:** This research has been conducted as part of grant project no. 2017/25/B/HS4/00592, "Forecasting the risk of consumer bankruptcy in Poland." The research was funded by the National Science Center in Poland (Narodowe Centrum Nauki).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The author declares no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
