*4.1. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)*

TCO is the most important indicator influencing vehicle purchase decisions for both private and fleet customers. The indicator is affected by, among other things, taxes, electricity costs and, above all, vehicle price and its maintenance costs (repairs, servicing, and inspections). It should be noted that Southeast Asia will have to follow the example of other countries and introduce new forms of financing facilities as well as increase the price competitiveness of TCO through direct state involvement, e.g., by reducing taxes or introducing tax relief mechanisms [45].

### *4.2. Battery Range and Life*

This is a key element that affects the ability to use the vehicle, especially outside of the city. As already mentioned, the range of electric cars is increasing, which is an optimistic indicator. It should be noted, however, that the problem for consumers may be the vehicle charging time, which, depending on the technology used, varies between 20 min and several hours [46].
