*2.2. Study Location and Plant Collection Schedules*

The natural communities of *A. javanica* were growing wild in the Al Ain area (latitude: 24◦11 N, longitude: 55◦39 E). The mature flowers of *A. javanica* were randomly collected and separated in the early morning according to the following time schedule and details:

The flowers were harvested once at around the middle of each season, except for the summer batch of flowers, which was collected on the first of June instead of July. The same was done, due to the unavailability of flowers, after the first of June; since they will both complete and end their life cycles. The collected flower batch permitted examining the seasonal variation influence on the flowers' EO yields. The details of the harvesting schedules are as follows:

Spring: Mid-April (21–35 ◦C, average: 28 ◦C).

Summer: First of June (23–47.2 ◦C, average: 35.1 ◦C)

Autumn: End of October (24–35 ◦C, average: 29.5 ◦C).

Winter: Mid-January (11–22 ◦C, average: 16.5 ◦C).

All weather data were obtained from the iPhone application, "Weather", which collects data from the Weather Channel: Aqbiyah Weather Station, UAE.
