**3. Bio-Pharmaceutical Properties**

Many plant EOs are being widely utilized in the pharmaceutical industry, aromatherapy, and other related medical applications. Regarding the cytotoxicity effect and antioxidant activity, several studies have been published in this Special Issue. Elgamal et al. [11] studied the chemical profiles of EOs of the above-ground parts of *Pluchea dioscoridis* (L.) DC. and *Erigeron bonariensis* (L.) in addition to their cytotoxic and anti-aging activities. The results obtained explicated that the terpenoids are the main constituents of both plants, with a relative concentration of 93.59% and 97.66%, respectively, mainly including sesquiterpenes (93.40% and 81.06%) [11]. Another study conducted by Shahin et al. [12] reported that the flowers' EO extracted from *Aerva javanica*, isolated during four seasons, is considered a good source of natural bioactive antioxidants. Khalil et al. [13] studied the chemical composition of EO isolated from *Anisosciadium lanatum* and evaluated its anti-cancer potential and mechanistic effect on HepG2 liver cancer cell lines. The obtained results showed that the studied EO was able to regulate the cell proliferation and cell viability in HepG2 liver cancer cells at a sub-lethal dose of 10 to 25 g/mL and displayed reductions in migration and invasion [13]. In addition, the treatment with *A. lanatum* EO indicated the mitigation of cancer activity by aborting the mRNA of pro-apoptotic markers such as BCL-2,CASPASE-3, CYP-1A1, and NFkB [13].
