*2.2. Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI)*

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI [MIM 208000]) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by calcification of arterial elastic fibers and associated fibrotic myointimal proliferation of muscular arteries and arterial stenosis [49]. Severe vascular calcification causes hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and congestive heart failure [17]. The majority of patients die within the first six months of life [50,51]. However, patients treated with bisphosphonates can experience a more favorable outcome [52,53]. In addition to vascular mineralization, neonatal patients also present periarticular softtissue calcifications. More mildly affected patients may also develop hypophosphatemic rickets [53–55].
