*4.1. Vertical Motion of Air over the Indian Ocean and the East Asian Climate in Summer* 4.1.1. Vertical Motion and Precipitation in June

The correlation between the vertical motion of air over the Indian Ocean and precipitation in China exceeded the 95% confidence level in a number of areas in June. The negative correlation in the western Tibetan Plateau, the positive correlation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, the negative correlation in the north of the lower reaches of Yangtze River and the positive correlation in the south of the lower reaches of Yangtze River (Figure 2a) all exceeded the 95% confidence level. These correlations indicate that with the enhancement of the vertical movement of air in the Indian Ocean in June, the precipitation decreases in the western Tibetan Plateau, increases in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, decreases in the north and increases in the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and vice versa (Figure 2a).

#### 4.1.2. Surface Air Temperature, Pressure and the Vertical Motion of Air in June

The vertical motion of air at 500 hPa over the Indian Ocean in June was only sporadically and positively correlated with the surface temperature and pressure over the Tibetan Plateau and northeastern China (Figure 2c,e).
